| 1. |
- Haghbayan, M. -H, et al.
(författare)
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MapPro : Proactive runtime mapping for dynamic workloads by quantifying ripple effect of applications on networks-on-chip
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2015 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip, NOCS 2015. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450333962
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing dynamic workloads running on NoC-based many-core systems necessitates efficient runtime mapping strategies. With an unpredictable nature of application profiles, selecting a rational region to map an incoming application is an NP-hard problem in view of minimizing congestion and maximizing performance. In this paper, we propose a proactive region selection strategy which prioritizes nodes that offer lower congestion and dispersion. Our proposed strategy, MapPro, quantitatively represents the propagated impact of spatial availability and dispersion on the network with every new mapped application. This allows us to identify a suitable region to accommodate an incoming application that results in minimal congestion and dispersion. We cluster the network into squares of different radii to suit applications of different sizes and proactively select a suitable square for a new application, eliminating the overhead caused with typical reactive mapping approaches. We evaluated our proposed strategy over different traffic patterns and observed gains of up to 41% in energy efficiency, 28% in congestion and 21% dispersion when compared to the state-of-the-art region selection methods. Copyright 2015 ACM.
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| 2. |
- Negash, Behailu, et al.
(författare)
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LISA: Lightweight Internet of Things Service Bus Architecture
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0509. ; 52, s. 436-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A critical challenge faced in Internet of Things (IoT) is the heterogeneous nature of its nodes from the network protocol and platform point of view. To tackle the heterogeneous nature, we introduce a distributed and lightweight service bus, LISA, which fits into network stack of a real-time operating system for constrained nodes in IoT. LISA provides an application programming interface for developers of IoT on tiny devices. It hides platform and protocol variations underneath it, thus facilitating interoperability challenges in IoT implementations. LISA is inspired by the Network on Terminal Architecture (NoTA), a service centric open architecture by Nokia Research Center. Unlike many other interoperability frameworks, LISA is designed specifically for resource constrained nodes and it provides essential features of a service bus for easy service oriented architecture implementation.
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| 3. |
- Nguyen Gia, Tuan, et al.
(författare)
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Fog Computing in Body Sensor Networks : An Energy Efficient Approach
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet of Things based systems provides a viable and organized approach to improve health and wellbeing of mankind. Particularly, health monitoring systems based on wireless body sensor networks become attainable due to increasing number of elderly people that needs healthcare services frequently. In such system, power consumption of a sensor node is an important issue. In order to handle the issue, a smart gateway with fog computing capabilities is presented. Fog computing includes several services such as distributed database management, Electrocardiography (ECG) feature extraction, user graphical interface with access management and push notations. With fog computing, the burden of a cloud server can be reduced and more than 50% of power consumption can be saved at a sensor node. Additionally, through fog computing, the system ensures that the obtained health data can be visualized and diagnosed in real-time even though there is a disconnection between the gateway and cloud server.
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| 4. |
- Rahimi Moosavi, Sanaz, et al.
(författare)
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SEA : A Secure and Efficient Authentication and Authorization Architecture for IoT-Based Healthcare Using Smart Gateways
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0509. ; 52, s. 452-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a secure and efficient authentication and authorization architecture for IoT-based healthcare is developed. Security and privacy of patients’ medical data are crucial for the acceptance and ubiquitous use of IoT in healthcare. Secure authentication and authorization of a remote healthcare professional is the main focus of this work. Due to resource constraints of medical sensors, it is infeasible to utilize conventional cryptography in IoT-based healthcare. In addition, gateways in existing IoTs focus only on trivial tasks without alleviating the authentication and authorization challenges. In the presented architecture, authentication and authorization of a remote end-user is done by distributed smart e-health gateways to unburden the medical sensors from performing these tasks. The proposed architecture relies on the certificate-based DTLS handshake protocol as it is the main IP security solution for IoT. The proposed authentication and authorization architecture is tested by developing a prototype IoT-based healthcare system. The prototype is built of a Pandaboard, a TI SmartRF06 board and WiSMotes. The CC2538 module integrated into the TI board acts as a smart gateway and the WisMotes act as medical sensor nodes. The proposed architecture is more secure than a state-of-the-art centralized delegation-based architecture because it uses a more secure key management scheme between sensor nodes and the smart gateway. Furthermore, the impact of DoS attacks is reduced due to the distributed nature of the architecture. Our performance evaluation results show that compared to the delegation-based architecture, the proposed architecture reduces communication overhead by 26% and communication latency from the smart gateway to the end-user by 16%.
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| 5. |
- Rahmani, Amir-Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Power Management for Many-Core Platforms in the Dark Silicon Era : A Multi-Objective Control Approach
- 2015
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Ingår i: Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), 2015 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467380089 ; , s. 219-224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power management of NoC-based many-core systems with runtime application mapping becomes more challenging in the dark silicon era. It necessitates a multi-objective control approach to consider an upper limit on total power consumption, dynamic behaviour of workloads, processing elements utilization, per-core power consumption, and load on network-on-chip. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective dynamic power management method that simultaneously considers all of these parameters. Fine-grained voltage and frequency scaling, including near-threshold operation, and per-core power gating are utilized to optimize the performance. In addition, a disturbance rejecter is designed that proactively scales down activity in running applications when a new application commences execution, to prevent sharp power budget violations. Simulations of dynamic workloads and mixed time-critical application profiles show that our method is effective in honoring the power budget while considerably boosting the system throughput and reducing power budget violation, compared to the state-of-the-art power management policies.
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| 6. |
- Amin, Yasar, et al.
(författare)
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Electromagnetic Analysis of Radio Frequency Identification Antennas for Green Electronics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Electromagnetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-6343 .- 1532-527X. ; 33:4, s. 319-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article demonstrates in-depth electromagnetic analysis of a radio frequency identification tag antenna manufactured by inkjet printing technology on different paper substrates to achieve ultra-low cost flexible radio frequency identification tags using a novel hole-matching technique for reducing the consumption of substrate material, and conductive ink. Nevertheless, the electromagnetic properties of the paper substrate are vulnerable to various environmental effects. Thus, the proposed antenna design is optimized for consistent wideband performance throughout the complete UHF radio frequency identification band (860960 MHz) while presenting a greater degree of material insensitivity. An advanced antenna design methodological analysis is performed to accomplish an extended read range, while exhibiting benchmarking results when across cardboard cartons filled with metal or water containing objects.
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| 7. |
- Ebrahimi, Masoumeh, et al.
(författare)
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Path-Based Partitioning Methods for 3D Networks-on-Chip with Minimal Adaptive Routing
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Computers. - 0018-9340 .- 1557-9956. ; 63:3, s. 718-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining the benefits of 3D ICs and Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) schemes provides a significant performance gain in ChipMultiprocessors (CMPs) architectures. As multicast communication is commonly used in cache coherence protocols for CMPs and invarious parallel applications, the performance of these systems can be significantly improved if multicast operations are supported at thehardware level. In this paper, we present several partitioning methods for the path-based multicast approach in 3D mesh-based NoCs,each with different levels of efficiency. In addition, we develop novel analytical models for unicast and multicast traffic to explore theefficiency of each approach. In order to distribute the unicast and multicast traffic more efficiently over the network, we propose theMinimal and Adaptive Routing (MAR) algorithm for the presented partitioning methods. The analytical and experimental results show thatan advantageous method named Recursive Partitioning (RP) outperforms the other approaches. RP recursively partitions the networkuntil all partitions contain a comparable number of switches and thus the multicast traffic is equally distributed among several subsetsand the network latency is considerably decreased. The simulation results reveal that the RP method can achieve performanceimprovement across all workloads while performance can be further improved by utilizing the MAR algorithm. Nineteen percent averageand 42 percent maximum latency reduction are obtained on SPLASH-2 and PARSEC benchmarks running on a 64-core CMP.
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| 8. |
- Nguyen Gia, T., et al.
(författare)
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Edge AI in Smart Farming IoT : CNNs at the Edge and Fog Computing with LoRa
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE AFRICON Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The agricultural and farming industries have been widely influenced by the disruption of the Internet of Things. The impact of the IoT is more limited in countries with less penetration of mobile internet such as sub-Saharan countries, where agriculture commonly accounts for 10 to 50% of their GPD. The boom of low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) in the last decade, with technologies such as LoRa or NB-IoT, has mitigated this providing a relatively cheap infrastructure that enables low-power and long-range transmissions. Nonetheless, the benefits that LPWAN technologies enable have the disadvantage of low-bandwidth transmissions. Therefore, the integration of Edge and Fog computing, moving data analytics and compression near end devices, is key in order to extend functionality. By integrating artificial intelligence at the local network layer, or Edge AI, we present a system architecture and implementation that expands the possibilities of smart agriculture and farming applications with Edge and Fog computing and LPWAN technology for large area coverage. We propose and implement a system consisting on a sensor node, an Edge gateway, LoRa repeaters, Fog gateway, cloud servers and end-user terminal application. At the Edge layer, we propose the implementation of a CNN-based image compression method in order to send in a single message information about hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes within the gateway's range. We use advanced compression techniques to reduce the size of data up to 67% with a decompression error below 5%, within a novel scheme for IoT data.
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| 9. |
- Zou, Zhuo, 1982-
(författare)
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Impulse Radio UWB for the Internet-of-Things : A Study on UHF/UWB Hybrid Solution
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates Ultra-Wideband (UWB) techniques for the next generation Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) towards the Internet-of-Things (IoT). In particular, an ultra-high frequency (UHF) wireless-powered UWB radio (UHF/UWB hybrid) with asymmetric links is explored from system architecture to circuit implementation. Context-aware, location-aware, and energy-aware computing for the IoT demands future micro-devices (e.g., RFID tags) with capabilities of sensing, processing, communication, and positioning, which can be integrated into everyday objects including paper documents, as well as food and pharmaceutical packages. To this end, reliable-operating and maintenance-free wireless networks with low-power and low-cost radio transceivers are essential. In this context, state-of-the-art passive RFID technologies provide limited data rate and positioning accuracy, whereas active radios suffer from high complexity and power-hungry transceivers. Impulse Radio UWB (IR-UWB) exhibits significant advantages that are expected to overcome these limitations. Wideband signals offer robust communications and high-precision positioning; duty-cycled operations allow link scalability; and baseband-like architecture facilitates extremely simple and low-power transmitters. However, the implementation of the IR-UWB receiver is still power-hungry and complex, and thus is unacceptable for self-powered or passive tags. To cope with μW level power budget in wireless-powered systems, this dissertation proposes an UHF/UWB hybrid radio architecture with asymmetric links. It combines the passive UHF RFID and the IR-UWB transmitter. In the downlink (reader-tag), the tag is powered and controlled by UHF signals as conventional passive UHF tags, whereas it uses an IR-UWB transmitter to send data for a short time at a high rate in the uplink (tag-reader). Such an innovative architecture takes advantage of UWB transmissions, while the tag avoids the complex UWB receiver by shifting the burden to the reader. A wireless-powered tag providing -18.5 dBm sensitivity UHF downlink and 10 Mb/s UWB uplink is implemented in 180 nm CMOS. At the reader side, a non-coherent energy detection IR-UWB receiver is designed to pair the tag. The receiver is featured by high energy-efficiency and flexibility that supports multi-mode operations. A novel synchronization scheme based on the energy offset is suggested. It allows fast synchronization between the reader and tags, without increasing the hardware complexity. Time-of-Arrival (TOA) estimation schemes are analyzed and developed for the reader, which enables tag localization. The receiver prototype is fabricated in 90 nm CMOS with 16.3 mW power consumption and -79 dBm sensitivity at 10 Mb/s data rate. The system concept is verified by the link measurement between the tag and the reader. Compared with current passive UHF RFID systems, the UHF/UWB hybrid solution provides an order of magnitude improvement in terms of the data rate and positioning accuracy brought by the IR-UWB uplink.
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| 10. |
- Aslam, Bilal, et al.
(författare)
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A high capacity tunable retransmission type frequency coded chipless radio frequency identification system
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. - : WILEY. - 1096-4290 .- 1099-047X. ; 29:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a 12-bit frequency coded chipless RFID system in the frequency range of 3 to 6 GHz. The system consists of a fully printable chipless tag and a pair of high-gain reader antennas. The tag also incorporates its own antennas to improve the read range. Information is encoded into frequency spectrum using a multi-resonant circuit. The circuit consists of multiple microstrip U and L-shaped open stub resonators patterned in a unique configuration. The proposed configuration aids in capturing more data in a reduced space as well as tunable frequency operation. Tag and reader antennas utilize techniques such as stepped impedance feeding line, defective partial ground plane, and stair-step patch structure to achieve wide-band impedance bandwidth in miniature size. The results of the wireless measurements in the non-anechoic environment show that the proposed system has a reading range of more than 20 cm. The presented system possesses great potential for low-cost short-range inventory tracking.
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