| 1. |
- Skorupa-Parachin, Nádia, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A Microbial Perspective on Ethanolic Lignocellulose Fermentation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Biotechnology, 2nd Edition. - 9780080885049 ; , s. 605-614
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bioethanol is an alternative to fossil transportation fuel. It is produced from sugar- and starch-containing crops but current efforts have turned to ethanol from agricultural and forestry waste. These materials are not expected to compete with food and feed production and net emission of carbon dioxide is lower. Several ethanol-producing microorganisms have been assessed at laboratory scale, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, eukaryotes such as yeasts and filamentous fungi, but few have so far been used at industrial scale. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of the different microorganisms including co-cultures are discussed with respect to ethanol production from lignocellulose raw materials. The complexity of lignocellulose materials may require development of different microorganisms for different applications, so that 'tailor-made' strains for different lignocellulose raw materials may be more efficient than one 'super-microorganism' for any raw material.
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| 2. |
- Badr, Sara, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Combined basic and fine chemical biorefinery concepts with integration of processes at different technology readiness levels
- 2018
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Ingår i: Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. - 1570-7946. ; , s. 1577-1582
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biorefineries offer promising alternatives to the use of fossil fuels to produce energy and chemicals. This work describes the development of a biorefinery concept to produce adipic acid from Swedish forest residues and lutein from micro-algae. A description is provided for each process line available, its technology readiness level (TRL) and the tools available to model it. Scenarios of the integrated concept are built with associated material flow analysis. Key results of the material inventory of the base case scenario are presented as well as insights into the development of further scenarios. Material flow inventories can then be further used for economic and environmental assessment. Major challenges of integration are discussed in terms of uncertainties and data gaps for processes with low TRL such as scaling up lab experiments, understanding the restrictions of material recycling and its impact on process performance. The feedback given through these scenarios can help guide further experimental efforts.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Xiros, Charilaos, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrolysis and Fermentation for Cellulosic Ethanol Production
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Bioenergy: The Sustainability Challenge. - Oxford, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ; , s. 11-31, s. 11-31
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter summarizes the hydrolysis technologies and bioconversion processes employed for cellulosic ethanol production. Hydrolysis process involves pre-treatment methods (first-stage hydrolysis) and enzymatic hydrolysis (second-stage hydrolysis). Although cellulose is mainly present as crystalline fibers that are highly resistant to hydrolysis, its content in biomass is typically larger compared to hemicellulose and, as a result, cellulases are the key enzymes for bioethanol production. The major bioconversion processes are: The separate (or sequential) hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and the consolidated bioconversion process (CBP). Many yeast species have been reported to convert simple sugars to ethanol under anaerobic conditions. S. cerevisiae, Pichia stipitis, P. kudriavzevii (Candida krusei), Kluveromyces marxianus, C. shehatae, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and Pachysolen tannophilus are among the most often used yeast species in biomass-derived sugars-to-ethanol conversion processes.
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| 5. |
- Pereira, Rui, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Engineering of Yeast
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metabolic Engineering: Concepts and Applications: Volume 13a and 13b. - : Wiley. ; , s. 689-733
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter focuses on a few examples that can serve as illustrations of how powerful yeast metabolic engineering stands today. Yeast, especially S. cerevisiae, plays an essential role in bioethanol production. Rapid ethanol production by yeast cells makes the fermentation process less susceptible to contamination. Higher alcohols are attractive due to some advantages compared with bioethanol, such as higher energy density, better blending into gasoline, higher octane value, lower hygroscopicity, and less corrosivity. The ethanol production process in the industry is mainly achieved through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Production of insulin, by volume the largest pharmaceutical protein produced, has paved the way for a wide use of S. cerevisiae for production of recombinant proteins. Virus like particles are proteins of virus capsid, which are produced by recombinant DNA technology and are important for the development of viral vaccines as they can self-assemble and display similar immunogenic properties as native viruses.
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| 6. |
- Ohlson, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Weak affinity chromatography
- 1993. - 1
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Ingår i: Handbook of affinity chromatography. - New York : Marcel Dekker. - 0824789393 ; , s. 299-314
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Gulshan Kazi, Zubaida, et al.
(författare)
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Glycoside hydrolases for extraction and modification of polyphenolic antioxidants
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in enzyme biotechnology. - New Delhi : Springer India. - 9788132210931 - 9788132210948 ; , s. 9-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antioxidants are important molecules that are widely used by humans, both as dietary supplements and as additives to different types of products. In this chapter, we review how flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic antioxidants that are often found in glycosylated forms in many natural resources, can be extracted and modified using glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Glycosylation is a fundamental enzymatic process in nature, affecting function of many types of molecules (glycans, proteins, lipids as well as other organic molecules such as the flavonoids). Possibilities to control glycosylation thus mean possibilities to control or modify the function of the molecule. For the flavonoids, glycosylation affect both the antioxidative power and solubility. In this chapter we overview results on in vitro deglycosylation and glycosylation of flavonoids by selected GHs. For optimal enzymatic performance, desired features include a correct specificity for the target, combined with high stability. Poor specificity towards a specific substituent is thus a major drawback for enzymes in particular applications. Efforts to develop the enzymes as conversion tools are reviewed.
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| 8. |
- Ušaj, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Modified Adherence Method (MAM) for Electrofusion of Anchorage-Dependent Cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cell Fusion. - New York, NY : Humana Press. - 9781493927036 - 9781493927029 ; , s. 203-216
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The artificially induced cell fusion is a useful experimental tool in biology, biotechnology and medicine. The electrofusion is a physical method for cell fusion that applies high-voltage electric pulses. The use of electric pulses causes cell membrane structural changes which bring the cell membrane in the so-called fusogenic state. When such fusogenic membranes are in close contact cell fusion takes place. Physical contact between fusion partners can be achieved by various methods and one of them is modified adherence method (MAM) described in detail here on B16-F1 cell line. The method is based on the fact that living cells form contacts in confluent culture. However, instead of using confluent cell culture, in modified adherence method cells are plated in suitable concentration and allowed to form contacts for only short predetermined period of time. During that time the cells are only slightly attached to the dish surface maintaining the spherical shape. Observed high fusion yields up to 50 % obtained by MAM in situ by dual-color fluorescence microscopy are among the highest in field of electrofusion. The method can be readily adapted to other anchorage-dependent cell lines.
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| 9. |
- Lindahl, Anders, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage and Bone Regeneration
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tissue Engineering: Second Edition. - Amsterdam : Elsevier, Inc.. ; , s. 529-582
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter deals with the tissue engineering aspects of one of the mesenchymal tissues-cartilage. It includes a brief description of the different cartilage types and their embryonal origin. Tissue structures including chondrocyte and extracellular matrix components are described in detail. The disease aspect of hyaline cartilage with emphasis on cartilage injuries and the tissue engineering approach to cartilage regeneration with the autologous chondrocyte implantation technique is described in depth. The future aspects of cartilage regeneration techniques with potential cell types other than autologous chondrocytes as well as new promising scaffold techniques are described. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Ayoglu, Burcu, et al.
(författare)
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Multiplexed antigen bead arrays for the assessment of antibody selectivity and epitope mapping
- 2018
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Ingår i: Epitope Mapping Protocols. - New York, NY : Humana Press Inc.. ; , s. 239-248
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing number of binding reagents for affinity-based investigations of the human proteome, high-throughput tools for the characterization of the used reagents become essential. For the analysis of binding selectivity, bead-based antigen arrays offer a miniaturized and parallelized assay platform to meet such needs, as they enable two-dimensional multiplexing to analyze up to 384 samples against up to 500 analytes in a single round of analysis. In this chapter, we describe our protocols for the generation of multiplex bead arrays built on immobilized protein fragments, as well as biotinylated peptides. Combined together, these two versions of antigen arrays offer a versatile approach for multiplexed characterization of antibody binding selectivity, off-target interactions, as well as mapping for the amino acids of epitopes involved in antibody binding.
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