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| 2. |
- McGreevy, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Problems at the human-horse interface and prospects for smart textile solutions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-7878 .- 1878-7517. ; 9:1, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significant potential for so-called “smart textiles” in the design of the next generation of devices that measure pressure, tension, moisture, and heat at the humanehorse interface is discussed in this article. Research techniques from theoretical and experimental physics laboratories, combined with wireless technology, can be readily adapted to measure and store metrics for numerous variables in equine structure and function. Activities, such as breathing, the extension and flexion of joints, limb kinematics, and cardiac function, can be logged as indicators of physiological and behavioral conditioning (training). Such metrics may also, one day, support veterinary diagnostics but also play a role in safeguarding sporthorse welfare, especially in elite contexts where the horse may be pushed to its functional limits. As such, they are likely to emerge as an area of great interest to equitation and welfare scientists. It is important to note that smart textiles sense and react to exogenous stimuli via integrated sensors. So, beyond the equitation science laboratory, the emergence of polymers and smart materials may enhance the effectiveness of, or challenge us to completely rethink, traditional items of saddlery, thus improving equitation. The integration of smart textiles in all sorts of extant and emergent equipment for everyday equestrians could, in the future, lead to equipment that responds appropriately to the demands of equitation in its various forms. Rethinking equitation through physics and the use of smart textiles seems to have merit in that it is a novel means of both investigating and addressing problems that compromise the welfare and performance of horses. The purpose of this article is to envision the use of smart textiles in research, clinical, equestrian, and horse care contexts.
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| 3. |
- Hanstorp, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Scheme for Monitoring Hoof Wall Structure and Health in Sport Horses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. - : SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. - 9789897582059 ; , s. 171-175
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides a computational model developed to demonstrate the possibility of monitoring hoof structure and health in equestrian sport. This is achieved by employing finite element simulation of threedimensional heat flow from a surface heat source into a hoof structure while simultaneously sensing the surface temperature. The time evolution of the recorded surface temperature, transient curve, is used to investigate hoof structure and predict its intactness by comparing these curves for three different models. We have observed differences between the transient curves obtained from a normal hoof structure, a hoof structure containing a foreign material and hoof capsule subjected to wall separation. An experimental method for probing hoof profile was briefly discussed. It uses temperature sensor/heat source. The method can determine the thermal conductivity of the hoof along the hoof structure from the recorded transient curve. Thus, it displays the hoof structure by utilizing the thermal conductivity variation between the hoof parts.
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| 5. |
- Petersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing of two petroleum waxes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 43:6, s. 1859-1868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of ageing at different storage conditions on the microstructure and melting properties of two petroleum waxes, petrolatum and microcrystalline wax, were investigated. The two waxes were stored for a maximum of 50 weeks at different temperatures. Samples were analysed before storage and removed from storage and analysed after different storage times. The effect of storage time and temperature was analysed with confocal laser scanning microscopy and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Some alteration in the microstructure occurred with longer storage time. The amount of fine and irregular structures seen in the initial petrolatum samples decreased with storage time, and some shadowy, grey areas appeared. The microstructure of the microcrystalline wax stored at 23 °C became more diffuse and more, shadowy, grey areas appeared with time compared to samples stored at 50 °C. These showed coarser crystalline structures and fewer shadowy, grey areas. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy and modulated differential scanning calorimetry analyses indicated that recrystallization occurred in both waxes during storage. The proposed recrystallization processes taking place during storage were most likely the same in all samples, but the recrystallization occurred to a greater extent in the microcrystalline wax samples stored at 50 °C.
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| 6. |
- Petersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of microstructural and physical properties of two petroleum waxes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 43:6, s. 1869-1879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microstructural and physical properties of two petroleum waxes, petrolatum and microcrystalline wax, were characterized in this work. Petroleum waxes are known to be hydrophobic and can be used in applications where a good moisture barrier is needed. In order to achieve a better understanding of different inherent properties of a wax, the two waxes in this work were characterized with infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, rheology and X-ray diffraction. It was concluded from the results of infrared spectroscopy that the two waxes consisted only of saturated alkanes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the petrolatum sample had a more open microstructure with coarse crystals separated from each other than the microcrystalline wax, which appeared to have a more network-like crystalline structure consisting of somewhat finer crystals. Both waxes crystallized over a broad temperature range. Their crystallization characteristics were quite different, however, probably owing to a different oil content. According to modulated differential scanning calorimetry and rheological measurements the microcrystalline wax crystallized through a two-step process, whereas the petrolatum crystallized through only one step.
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| 7. |
- Newson, William
(författare)
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Bio-based materials from crambe and carinata industrial oilseed meals : compression moulded and extruded oilseed meal plastics
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Protein-based plastics are considered as a new route for valorisation of oilseed meal from the industrial oil crops Crambe abyssinia (crambe) and Brassica carinata (carinata) as they cannot be used for animal feed or human food. To convert oilseed meals into protein-based plastic films compression moulding was used with varying processing temperature, chemical additives and protein extraction conditions. Twin screw extrusion was utilized to make films from blends of crambe meal and wheat gluten with urea as a combination denaturant and plasticizer. Tensile properties were examined and related to protein solubility and protein molecular weight (MW) distribution to reveal the underlying effects of different processing conditions. Varying the plasticizer content (glycerol) in crambe and carinata meal based plastics resulted in a variety of tensile responses with protein MW distributions (HPLC) indicating that the tensile changes were due to plasticization effects. Forming oilseed meal films at temperatures between 100 and 180 °C indicated a minimum in solubility between 130 and 140 °C, corresponding to the highest Young’s modulus and maximum stress. From a range of additives to crambe and carinata meal films, NaOH and NH₄OH had the most positive effect on strain at maximum stress, especially at the lowest dose of NaOH (1.4%) which also resulted in the lowest protein solubility. Processing crambe meal/WG/glycerol/urea blends with co-rotating twin screw extrusion produced continuous protein-based plastic films within a limited temperature and composition window. Proteins were extracted from crambe meal under a variety of conditions with concentrates from alkali extraction/isoelectric precipitation showing the lowest protein solubility after heating. The relationship between processing, MW distribution and film properties is complex. Maximum protein aggregation resulted in improved properties in some cases, while in others the properties are controlled by mechanisms other than protein aggregation.
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| 8. |
- Newson, William, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Additives on the Tensile Performance and Protein Solubility of Industrial Oilseed Residual Based Plastics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 62:28, s. 6707-6715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten chemical additives were selected from the literature for their proposed modifying activity in protein-protein interactions. These consisted of acids, bases, reducing agents, and denaturants and were added to residual deoiled meals of Crambe abyssinica (crambe) and Brassica carinata (carinata) to modify the properties of plastics produced through hot compression molding at 130 degrees C. The films produced were examined for tensile properties, protein solubility, molecular weight distribution, and water absorption. Of the additives tested, NaOH had the greatest positive effect on tensile properties, with increases of 105% in maximum stress and 200% in strain at maximum stress for crambe and a 70% increase in strain at maximum stress for carinata. Stiffness was not increased by any of the applied additives. Changes in tensile strength and elongation for crambe and elongation for carinata were related to changes in protein solubility. Increased pH was the most successful in improving the protein aggregation and mechanical properties within the complex chemistry of residual oilseed meals.
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| 9. |
- Samuelsson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Inblandning av stärkelse och lignosulfonat i pellets vid Bioenergi i Luleå AB : rapport från Pelletplattformen II
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett fabriksförsök genomfördes vid Bioenergi i Luleå där två katjonbaserade stärkelsematerial (Solbind 35 och Solbind 790), ett kalciumbaserat lignosulfonat (Lignobond) samt ett kalcium/magnesiumbaserat lignosulfonat (Pelltech) blandades in i tallspån. En experimentell design för respektive additiv med två kvantitativa variabler på tre nivåer användes. Designerna omfattade följande parametrar: spån av tre olika fukthalter mellan 10-12 % baserad på rå vikt; inblandning av additiv på tre nivåer mellan 0-1 %. Den statistiska analysen baserad på MLR visade att fukthalten var den viktigaste parametern för bulkdensitet och presström medan inblandningsgrad av additiv var viktigast för hållfasthet och finfraktion. För Lignobond och Solbind 790 gav inblandning av additiv en minskad strömförbrukning vid pressningen, medan Solbind 35 gav en oförändrad strömförbrukning och Pelltech en ökad strömförbrukning. Samtliga additiv gav en förbättrad pelletskvalitet, främst genom ökad hållfasthet och minskad finfraktion.
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