| 1. |
- Mellin, Pelle, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Nano-sized by-products from metal 3D printing, composite manufacturing and fabric production
- 2016
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - Sweden : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 139, s. 1224-1233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently, the health and environmental perspective of nano-materials has gained attention. Most previous work focused on Engineered Nanoparticles (ENP). This paper examines some recently introduced production routes in terms of generated nano-sized by-products. A discussion on the hazards of emitting such particles and fibers is included. Fine by-products were found in recycled metal powder after 3D printing by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The process somehow generated small round metal particles (~1e2 mm) that are possibly carcinogenic and respirable, but not small enough to enter by skin-absorption. With preventive measures like closed handling and masks, any health related effects can be prevented. The composite manufacturing in particular generated ceramic and carbonaceous particles that are very small and respirable but do not appear to be intrinsically toxic. The smallest features in agglomerates were about 30 nm. Small particles and fibers that were not attached in agglomerates were found in a wide range of sizes, from 1 μm and upwards. Preventive measures like closed handling and masks are strongly recommended. In contrast, the more traditional production route of fabric production is investigated. Here, brushing residue and recycled wool from fabric production contained few nano-sized by-products.
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| 2. |
- Kurdve, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Waste flow mapping to improve sustainability of waste management : A case study approach
- 2015
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 98, s. 304-315
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Innovative, resource-efficient solutions and effective waste management systems capture value in business and contribute to sustainability. However, due to scattered waste management responsibilities in the vehicle industry and the orientation of operations management and lean tools, which mostly focus on lead-time and labour-time improvements, the requirement of a collaborative method to include material waste efficiency in operational development is identified. The main purpose of this research is to study how operations management and environmental management can be integrated on an operational level and include the waste management supply chain. Based on a literature review of environmental and operational improvement tools and principles, the gaps and needs in current practice were identified. A large case study implementing a waste flow mapping (WFM) method on a set of manufacturing sites revealed potentials in terms of reducing material losses and inefficiencies in the handling of materials and waste. Finally, the integrated WFM method was analysed with respect to the gaps and needs identified in the existing body of tools for operational and environmental improvement. The method combines lean manufacturing tools, such as value stream mapping with cleaner production and material flow cost accounting strategies. The empirical data showed that the WFM method is adequate for current state analysis of waste material efficiency potentials, especially when multiple organisations are involved. However, further development and specific methods are needed such as, for example, logistics inefficiencies, root cause analysis, implementation guidelines for best practice and systems for performance monitoring of actors.
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| 3. |
- Shahbazi, Sasha, et al.
(author)
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Material Efficiency Measurement: Empirical Investigation of Manufacturing Industry
- 2017
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In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 8, s. 112-120, s. 112-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Improving material efficiency contributes to reduce the volume of industrial waste as well as resource consumption. However, less has been published addressing on what to measure for material efficiency in a manufacturing company. This paper presents the current practice of material efficiency performance indicators in a manufacturing context through a bottom-up approach. In addition to literature review, the empirical data was collected via a multiple case study at seven global manufacturing companies located in Sweden. The results show that existing material efficiency indicators are limited and are mainly measured as a cost or quality parameter rather than environment. The limited number of measurements relates to the fact that material efficiency is not considered as a central business in manufacturing companies and is managed by environmental department with limited correlation to operation. Additionally, these measurements do not aim to reduce waste volume or improve homogeneity of generated waste.
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| 4. |
- Jönsson, M., et al.
(author)
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Bacteria counting with impedance spectroscopy in a micro probe station
- 2006
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 110:20, s. 10165-10169
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method to quantify the density of viable biological cells in suspensions is presented. The method is implemented by low-frequency impedance spectroscopy and based on the finding that immobilized ions are released to move freely in the surrounding suspension when viable Escherichia coli cells are killed by a heat shock. The presented results show that an amount of ions corresponding to ∼2 × 108 unit charges are released per viable bacterium killed. A micro probe station with coplanar Ti electrodes was electrically characterized and used as a measuring unit for the impedance spectroscopy recordings. This unit is compatible with common microfabrication techniques and should enable the presented method to be employed using a flow-cell device for viable bacteria counting in miniaturized on-line monitoring systems.
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| 5. |
- Landström, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Present state analysis of business performance measurement systems in large manufacturing companies
- 2016
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In: PMA Conference 2016 PMA2016. - Edinburgh, United Kingdom. ; , s. 26-29
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to empirically investigate the present state of the performance measurement systems (PMS) at 7 sites of 6 different large Swedish manufacturing companies. The methodology has both a bottom-up and a top-down perspective. Important findings are that the PMSs are very similar in how they function but differ a lot in what is measured.
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| 6. |
- Liu, G., et al.
(author)
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Numerical analysis of inner heating tube position for improving solid-phase transition in a shell-and-tube heat accumulator
- 2023
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In: Alexandria Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1110-0168 .- 2090-2670. ; 65, s. 771-784
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) system is vital to reduce environment pollution. In the shell-and-tube heat accumulator, the position of the inner heating tube plays a vital role in the thermal storage. To analyze the effect of the inner tube position on the phase transition, a two-dimensional numerical model is developed. The structure has the minimum full melting time of 3480 s when the inner tube is 12 mm (L = 12 mm) from the center. Compared with L = 0 mm, the full melting time at L = 12 mm can be reduced by 13.4%.
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| 7. |
- Shahbazi, Sasha, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of Four Environmental Assessment Tools in Swedish Manufacturing: A Case Study
- 2019
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To achieve sustainable development goals, it is essential to include the industrial system. There are sufficient numbers of tools and methods for measuring, assessing and improving the quality, productivity and efficiency of production, but the number of tools and methods for environmental initiatives on the shop floor is rather low. Incorporating environmental considerations into production and performance management systems still generally involves a top-down approach aggregated for an entire manufacturing plant. Green lean studies have been attempting to fill this gap to some extent, but the lack of detailed methodologies and practical tools for environmental manufacturing improvement on the shop floor is still evident. This paper reports on the application of four environmental assessment tools commonly used among Swedish manufacturing companies—Green Performance Map (GPM), Environmental Value Stream Mapping (EVSM), Waste Flow Mapping (WFM), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)—to help practitioners and scholars to understand the different features of each tool, so in turn the right tool(s) can be selected according to particular questions and the industrial settings. Because there are some overlap and differences between the tools and a given tool may be more appropriate to a situation depending on the question posed, a combination of tools is suggested to embrace different types of data collection and analysis to include different environmental impacts for better prioritization and decision-making.
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| 8. |
- Shahbazi, Sasha, et al.
(author)
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Material efficiency in manufacturing: swedish evidence on potential, barriers and strategies
- 2016
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 127, s. 438-450
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Improved material efficiency is a key to improve the circular economy and capturing value in industry. Material efficiency reduces the generation of industrial waste, the extraction and consumption of resources, and energy demands and carbon emissions. However, material efficiency in the manufacturing sector, as a means of improving the recyclability, reusability, reduction and prevention of industrial waste, is little understood. This study aims to investigate, on a micro-level, further material efficiency improvement opportunities, barriers and strategies in selected manufacturing companies in Sweden, focusing on increasing waste segregation into high quality circulated raw material. Improvement opportunities at large global manufacturing companies are investigated; barriers hindering material efficiency improvement are identified and categorized at two levels; and strategies that have been deployed at manufacturing companies are reviewed. Empirical findings reveal (1) further potential for improving material efficiency through higher segregation of residual material from mixed and low quality fractions (on average, 26% of the content of combustible waste, in weight, was plastics; 8% and 6% were paper and cardboard, respectively); (2) the most influential barriers are within budgetary, information, management, employee, engineering, and communication clusters; (3) a lack of actual material efficiency strategy implementation in the manufacturing companies. According to our analysis, the majority of barriers are internal and originate within the manufacturing companies, therefore they can be managed (and eradicated if possible) with sufficient resources in terms of man hours, education and investment, better operational and environmental (waste) management, better internal communication and information sharing, and deployment of material efficiency strategies.
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| 9. |
- Farrokh, Mohammad, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS SIMULATION OF THE DIGESTION UNIT IN IRAN ALUMINA REFINERY
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of SIMS 50, Modeling of Energy Technology. - 9788789502885 ; , s. 173-178
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Jajarm bauxite is of the chamosite-diasporic type, one of the hardest types of bauxite for alumina production. The Iran Alumina Refinery uses Jajarm deposits and currently operates at 65-70% of its nameplate capacity. Digestion is one of the most important processes in the refinery and has become the main bottleneck in the production. In this paper we study the effect of selected parameters on the behavior of this important section of the refinery using thermodynamic simulation of the digestion unit. The ASTM tables property method was used for vapor streams and the Elec-NRTL property model was used for the global digestion process. The digestion process was simulated with Aspen plus software. The results show good agreement with experimental data. The relationship between the incoming slurry temperature in the first flash tank and the preheater cold stream (slurry into the furnace) temperature and energy consumption is discussed.
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| 10. |
- Kurdve, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Lean and green integration into production system models - Experiences from Swedish industry
- 2014
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 85, s. 180-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper focuses on integration of operations management, specifically production system models with environmental management and related issues such as quality and safety. Based on knowledge concerning lean-based improvement programmes for company-specific production systems (XPS) and integration between formal management systems, such as ISO 9001 and 14001, industrial practices from integrating management systems with the XPS were studied. A literature-based comparison between formal management systems and XPS is made, indicating integration potentials. The empirical research is an analysis of five vehicle and automotive companies in which various efforts have been made to integrate their management systems with their XPS. The results show that although conscious steps have been taken since the introduction of ISO 14001 in integrating environmental management into everyday operations, there are still obstacles to overcome. To fully include sustainability aspects, the characteristics of the improvement systems have to be adapted and extended. One barrier to extended integration is the lack of integration strategy. There is further a lack of sustainability metrics and adaptation of improvement methods to push companies' operational performance. In addition, organisational issues still arise concerning the responsibility and ownership of environmental management in relation to operations. Based on these results it is concluded that processes for integration are recommended; however, each organisation needs to consider its operations, corporate culture and business opportunities of its environmental management. Still, incorporating environmental management systems into XPS is seen as an effective way of establishing company commonality in continuous improvement, resulting in holistic understanding and improved organisation performance.
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