| 1. |
- Forsgren, Johan, 1981-
(författare)
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Functional Ceramics in Biomedical Applications : On the Use of Ceramics for Controlled Drug Release and Targeted Cell Stimulation
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ceramics are distinguished from metals and polymers by their inorganic nature and lack of metallic properties. They can be highly crystalline to amorphous, and their physical and chemical properties can vary widely. Ceramics can, for instance, be made to resemble the mineral phase in bone and are therefore an excellent substitute for damaged hard tissue. They can also be made porous, surface active, chemically inert, mechanically strong, optically transparent or biologically resorbable, and all these properties are of interest in the development of new materials intended for a wide variety of applications. In this thesis, the focus was on the development of different ceramics for use in the controlled release of drugs and ions. These concepts were developed to obtain improved therapeutic effects from orally administered opioid drugs, and to reduce the number of implant-related infections as well as to improve the stabilization of prosthetic implants in bone.Geopolymers were used to produce mechanically strong and chemically inert formulations intended for oral administration of opioids. The carriers were developed to allow controlled release of the drugs over several hours, in order to improve the therapeutic effect of the substances in patients with severe chronic pain. The requirement for a stable carrier is a key feature for these drugs, as the rapid release of the entire dose, due to mechanical or chemical damage to the carrier, could have lethal effects on the patient because of the narrow therapeutic window of opioids. It was found that it was possible to profoundly retard drug release and to achieve almost linear release profiles from mesoporous geopolymers when the aluminum/silicon ratio of the precursor particles and the curing temperature were tuned.Ceramic implant coatings were produced via a biomimetic mineralization process and used as carriers for various drugs or as an ion reservoir for local release at the site of the implant. The formation and characteristics of these coatings were examined before they were evaluated as potential drug carriers. It was demonstrated that these coatings were able to carry antibiotics, bisphosphonates and bone morphogenetic proteins to obtain a sustained local effect, as they were slowly released from the coatings.
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| 4. |
- Yu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced solid-state H-1/P-31 NMR characterization of pyrophosphate-doped calcium phosphate cements for biomedical applications : The structural role of pyrophosphate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 45:16, s. 20642-20655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a suite of advanced magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments, we present a comprehensive structural analysis of pyrophosphate-bearing calcium phosphate cements that are investigated for bone-inductive biomedical implants. The cements consist mainly of poorly ordered monetite (CaHPO4), along with minor Ca orthophosphate phases, and two distinct pyrophosphate constituents: crystalline beta-Ca2P2O7 and amorphous calcium pyrophosphate (ACPP), the latter involving one water bearing portion and another anhydrous component. Independent 2D MAS NMR experiments evidenced close contacts between the amorphous pyrophosphates and the monetite phase, where ACPP is proposed to form a thin layer coating the monetite particles. Heteronuclear H-1-P-31 and homonuclear P-31-P-31 correlation NMR experimentation enabled us to detect, identify, and quantify even minor cement constituents (less than or similar to 2 mol%) that could not be ascertained by the Rietveld method. Quantitative phase analyses of the cements, as determined independently by P-31 NMR and PXRD, are contrasted and discussed.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of unsaturated fatty acid and triglyceride oil addition on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of acrylic bone cements
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of biomaterials applications. - : SAGE Publications. - 0885-3282 .- 1530-8022. ; 30:3, s. 279-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acrylic bone cements have an elastic modulus several times higher than the surrounding trabecular bone. This has been hypothesized to contribute to certain clinical complications. There are indications that the addition of specific fatty acids and triglyceride oils may reduce the elastic modulus of these types of cements. Some of these additives also appear to have inherent antibiotic properties, although this has never been evaluated in bone cements. In this study, several types of fatty acids and triglyceride oils were evaluated for use in acrylic bone cements. Their mechanical properties were evaluated under uniaxial compression testing and selected cements were then further characterized in terms of microstructure, handling and antibacterial properties using scanning electron microscopy, polymerization temperature measurements, agar diffusion tests and bactericidal activity assays of cement extracts. It was found that any of the evaluated fatty acids or triglyceride oils could be used to tailor the stiffness of acrylic bone cements, although at varying concentrations, which also depended on the type of commercial base cement used. In particular, the addition of very small amounts of linoleic acid (<2.0 wt%) resulted in Young’s moduli and compressive strengths in the range of human trabecular bone, while maintaining a similar setting time. Further, the addition of 12.6 wt% ricinoleic acid to Osteopal V cement was found to have a significant antibacterial effect, inhibiting growth of Staphylococcus aureus in an agar diffusion test as well as demonstrating 100% bactericidal activity against the same strain.
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| 6. |
- Ålgårdh Karlsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Thickness dependency of mechanical properties for thin-walled titanium parts manufactured by Electron Beam Melting (EBM)®
- 2016
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Ingår i: Additive Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2214-8604 .- 2214-7810. ; 12, s. 45-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal powder bed additive manufacturing technologies, such as the Electron Beam Melting process, facilitate a high degree of geometric flexibility and have been demonstrated as useful production techniques for metallic parts.However, the EBM process is typically associated with lower resolutions and higher surface roughness compared to similar laser-based powder bed metal processes. In part, this difference is related to the larger powder size distribution and thicker layers normally used. As part of an effort to improve the resolution and surface roughness of EBM fabricated components, this study investigates the feasibility of fabricating components with a smaller powder size fraction and layer thickness (similar to laser based processes). The surface morphology, microstructure and tensile properties of the produced samples were evaluated. The findings indicate that microstructure is dependent on wall-thickness and that, for thin walled structures, tensile properties can become dominated by variations in surface roughness.
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| 7. |
- Fu, Le, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Bacteriostatic Properties of Ti Alloys by Surface Nitriding
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedical Materials & Devices. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2731-4812 .- 2731-4820.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface nitriding has been widely used to improve the surface physicochemical properties of Ti alloys. However, the currently utilized surface nitriding methods, such as laser nitriding, typically require expensive and complicated instruments, which makes surface nitriding a less cost-effective process. Meanwhile, the antibacterial properties of surface-nitrided Ti alloy implants have not been evaluated. Thereafter, in this study, we were aiming to develop an effective, simple, and cost-effective surface nitriding strategy to enhance the antimicrobial properties of Ti alloy implants. The surface nitriding strategy was realized by wet-chemical etching and thermal treatment at controlled conditions. Results showed that the above surface modification treatments exerted significant effects on the phase composition and morphology of the newly formed phases on the surface of Ti samples. Crystalline TiN and TiO2 formed after treatments. Meanwhile, amorphous nitrides and oxynitride were also presented on the sample surfaces. The surface-modified Ti samples showed a bacterial inhibition effect compared with the non-treated Ti ones, and the bacterial inhibition effect was attributed to the released ammonia species from the surface of Ti samples. The surface modification strategy shows promise to improve the bacteriostatic property of Ti implants in dental and orthopedic fields.
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| 8. |
- Skjöldebrand, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Substrate Heating and Nitrogen Flow on the Composition, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of SiNx Coatings Aimed for Joint Replacements
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944 .- 1996-1944. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings are promising for joint replacement applications due to their high wear resistance and biocompatibility. For such coatings, a higher nitrogen content, obtained through an increased nitrogen gas supply, has been found to be beneficial in terms of a decreased dissolution rate of the coatings. The substrate temperature has also been found to affect the composition as well as the microstructure of similar coatings. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the substrate temperature and nitrogen flow on the coating composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. SiNx coatings were deposited onto CoCrMo discs using reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering. During deposition, the substrate temperatures were set to 200 degrees C, 350 degrees C or 430 degrees C, with nitrogen-to-argon flow ratios of 0.06, 0.17 or 0.30. Scanning and transmission electron spectroscopy revealed that the coatings were homogenous and amorphous. The coatings displayed a nitrogen content of 23-48 at.% (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The surface roughness was similar to uncoated CoCrMo (p = 0.25) (vertical scanning interferometry). The hardness and Young's modulus, as determined from nanoindentation, scaled with the nitrogen content of the coatings, with the hardness ranging from 12 +/- 1 GPa to 26 +/- 2 GPa and the Young's moduli ranging from 173 +/- 8 GPa to 293 +/- 18 GPa, when the nitrogen content increased from 23% to 48%. The low surface roughness and high nano-hardness are promising for applications exposed to wear, such as joint implants.
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| 9. |
- Dong, Zhiyun, et al.
(författare)
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Silk fibroin hydrogels induced and reinforced by acidic calcium phosphate : A simple way of producing bioactive and drug-loadable composites for biomedical applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 193, s. 433-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels have attracted extensive interest in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and wide availability. However, their generally poor mechanical properties limit their utility. Here, injectable, ready-to-use SF-based composites, simultaneously induced and reinforced by acidic calcium phosphates, were prepared via a dual-paste system requiring no complex chemical/physical treatment. The composite was formed by mixing a monocalcium phosphate monohydrate paste with a β-tricalcium phosphate/SF paste. The conformational transition of SF in an acidic environment forms continuous networks, and the acidic calcium phosphate, brushite and monetite, formed simultaneously in the networks during mixing. The composites displayed a partly elastomeric compression behavior, with mechanical properties increasing with an increasing calcium phosphate and β-sheet content at the lower calcium phosphate contents evaluated (22.2–36.4 wt%). While the stiffness was still relatively low, the materials presented a high elasticity and ductility, and no failure at stresses in the range of failure stresses of trabecular bone. Furthermore, the calcium phosphate confers bioactivity to the material, and the composites with a promising in vitro cell response also showed potential as drug vehicles, using vancomycin as a model drug. These dual-paste systems exhibit potential utility in biomedical applications, such as bone void fillers and drug vehicles.
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| 10. |
- Luo, Jun
(författare)
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Calcium Phosphate Based Biomaterials for Bone Augmentation
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Basic (apatite-based) calcium phosphate cements (CPCs), and acidic (brushite and monetite-based) CPCs are used as bone replacement materials because of their bioactivity, mouldability and ability to harden in place. However, their application is limited by their inherent brittleness and difficulties related to their handling. The current thesis aimed to provide solutions to these limitations.To assess the baseline, the mechanical properties of two promising experimental and two commercially available apatite and brushite cements were investigated. The two experimental CPCs exhibited significantly higher mechanical strengths than the two commercially available ones, warranting further advancement of the former towards clinical use.The setting reaction of brushite cements was, for the first time, quantitatively studied in the first seconds and minutes, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The reaction was found to include a fast nucleation induction period (<9 s), nucleation (<18 s), brushite content increase and setting completion. The effect of the commonly used retardant citric acid – which usually also gives stronger brushite cements - was also evaluated, providing important information for further cement development. To overcome complicated usage and short shelf life of acidic CPCs, a ready-to-use acidic CPC was developed by mixing a monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) paste and a β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) paste with suitable amounts of citric acid. The CPC showed adequate shelf life, good cohesion and mechanical performance.To mitigate against the brittle behavior of CPCs, i) poly(vinyl alcohol) fibres were used to reinforce apatite cements, significantly improving the apatite matrix’s toughness and resistance to cracking; ii) injectable, ready-to-use organic-inorganic composites with partly elastomeric compression behavior were designed based on silk fibroin hydrogels and acidic calcium phosphates, and their ability for antibiotic drug delivery was assessed. In summary, insights into the functional properties of currently available CPCs as well as the setting process of brushite cements were gained and several new calcium phosphate-based formulations were developed to overcome some of the drawbacks of traditional CPCs. Further studies, in particular of the biological response, are needed to verify the potential of the developed materials for future use in the clinical setting.
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