| 1. |
- Carpejani, Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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Affordable and Clean Energy: A Study on the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Main Modalities
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Sustainability Series. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2199-7373 .- 2199-7381. ; , s. 615-627, s. 615-627
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to identify several renewable and clean energy sources and investigate their accessibility. The structuring of the energetic sources was outlined to display the advantages and disadvantages of their use. To do so, the literature review method and the snowball method were used as the research methodology. Previous results had determined the elements of a sample of the main existing forms of energy. Therefore, this research analysed the following sources: solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, thermoelectric energy with renewable fuels, tidal energy, biogas energy, geothermal energy and hydrogen energy. The results discuss the benefits of using sustainable energies, such as being helpful to the environment, aswell as the implementation obstacles that, in this case, are stripped down to the high financial cost of initial investment. Because no previous research provided a structure to compare different energy forms, this study is expected to act as an initial guide for researchers and professionals in the field. As a limitation and recommendation for future research efforts, it is suggested to discover and verify mechanisms capable of reducing the high initial investment costs associated with sustainable energies.
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| 2. |
- Warneryd, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Microgrid communities: disclosing the path to future system-active communities
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Futures. - Göterborg : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 2666-1888. ; 4, s. 100079-100079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase sustainability in future energy systems, both technical and social measures must be taken. Microgrid communities offer local balancing of supply and demand, while also integrating the community as an active part of the energy system. This study investigates two cases of microgrid communities; how they were realized and what wider effects they offered its communities and other stakeholders. The study shows that the microgrid collaboration between community and utility offers a new organizational division that can overcome the traditional locked-in position of the utility. This brings forward communities as system-active participants and a sustainably beneficial energy system for the future.
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| 3. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Costs of air pollutants from shipping : a meta-regression analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transport reviews. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0144-1647 .- 1464-5327. ; 40:4, s. 411-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxides (SO2) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM2.5 and lowest for NOx. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.
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| 4. |
- Almusaed, Amjad, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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A Research on the Biophilic Concept upon School's Design from Hot Climate : A Case Study from Iraq
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. - UK : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8434 .- 1687-8442.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there have been solid global trends and severe attempts by ministries of education in the world to improve the reality of educational institutions and schools through the design and construction of schools and educational systems that meet the requirements of the age by applying the concepts of sustainable and effective systems to the new generation. They called for a promising future and hence the need to activate the applications of the biophilic schools. The theme of the biophilic schools is closely related to the concept of sustainable environmental structures that deal with the surrounding natural environment with intimacy, which is one of the most important new methods of design and construction at present, where ecological challenges are powerfully evoked in the making of their design decisions. Biophilic schools are an essential part of a new concept that wants to design revolutionary educational systems with new economic outputs that are valuable but do not depart from the idea of sustainable schools in general. It represents an expression given to schools designed to be environmentally sensitive and healthy for their occupants and educational systems based on experience, humanity, and attraction. Indeed, many architects have begun to explore and develop new architectural designs linked with the concepts of biophilic schools. Through the researchers' awareness of the negative circumstance experienced by school buildings in Iraq and by investing in the recommendations of an applied field research, it was reached to crystallize the research problem represented in the obstacles that schools suffer from, which calls for the search for developmental solutions for an efficient educational environment, and in order to reach this goal, by informing researchers about new global experiences in this field, the research presented its hypothesis in choosing the model of biophilic schools that exist in many countries in the world, because of what it can provide from successful and fruitful educational and urban components. The researchers reached many conclusions and recommendations aimed at applying the research hypothesis and achieving its goals.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Franca, Josue, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing human factors and non-technical skills in offshore drilling operations using FRAM (functional resonance analysis method)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cognition, Technology & Work. - : Springer. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 23:3, s. 553-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workplaces in the oil and gas (O&G) industry have evolved to become part of the modern complex sociotechnical system that characterises onshore and offshore facilities today. The intense interactions between workers, systems, equipment and processes have made companies in this sector more productive. However, significant and complex risks have also emerged. Managing them requires a methodology capable of understanding and recognising how this entire sociotechnical system works. This research uses the FRAM to model the activities performed by drillers, from the perspective of their workplace, inside the drilling unit of an offshore oil rig—a complex sociotechnical system. The interviews, on-board observations and data gathering performed as part of this study provided information that was used to build a FRAM model capable of representing the real work done by drillers inside the doghouses on offshore oil rigs. Through this model, the variability of human behaviour could be analysed in the context of the different situations that may happen, enabling researchers to understand the specific demands of the work and the correlation between WAI and WAD that naturally emerges. This FRAM-based analysis acknowledges that human factors and non-technical skills are responsible for the productive and safe execution of the work in both normal and critical operations situations, and identifies the impact of this variability—positive or negative—in the execution of daily tasks. It shows that workers’ varied responses can properly deal with complex system demands both in normal situations and in emergencies.
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| 7. |
- Franca, Josue, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Human factors approach to process safety in the offshore area using FRAM
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 AIChE Virtual Spring Meeting and 16th Global Congress on Process Safety. - : American Institute of Chemical Engineers. - 9780816911134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The offshore exploration, drilling, and production, in O&G industry, are one of the most necessary activities of human Society. However, since its beginning in North America, the process variables - such as temperature, pressure and depth - have increased their operational parameters considerably, leaving the 21 meters deep, on land in 1859, extremely remote from the 6.500 meters in offshore area of Brazil Pre-Salt. To drill a subsea well and raise the crude oil to a platform, by itself, presents a series of risks that compromise the Process Safety of the entire plant. Avoiding a loss of containment, in addition to being inherent to safety itself, is also in the interest of the environment, production control and workers' health. In this sense, understand the safety barriers, as well as comprehend the Human Factors involved in Process Safety, not only brings operational reliability to the plant, but also meets the requirements of the legislation and increases productivity. In this research, a FRAM was developed to analyze a loss of containment of an FPSO storage tank, showing the importance of a systemic understanding of Human Factors in Process Safety, acting as an effective barrier to the security of the entire process.
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| 8. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Women's experiences of recovery after myocardial infarction : a meta-synthesis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Heart & Lung. - St. Louis, MO : Mosby Inc.. - 0147-9563 .- 1527-3288. ; 36:6, s. 410-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Women report lower well-being, compared with men, during recovery after myocardial infarction (MI). To support women in their recovery it is important to understand their experiences from their own perspective. However, a single study using a qualitative method does not have the potential to contribute to evidence-based nursing practice, and it is therefore important to synthesize findings from several qualitative studies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a meta-synthesis of findings of women's experiences of recovery after MI. Methods: A meta-synthesis with seven qualitative studies, including a total of 70 women, was performed. Results: Recovery was characterized by subordination and superordination. The women strived to preserve their self, and at the same time they were strongly oriented toward other people. Four concepts emerged: protecting, adjusting, downgrading, and succumbing. Conclusion: Women oscillate between subordination and superordination. Protecting the matriarchy and being a victim of the patriarchy shed light on this ambivalence in the same way as adjusting to the situation and succumbing to the disease do.
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| 9. |
- Homod, R. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Crude oil production prediction based on an intelligent hybrid modelling structure generated by using the clustering algorithm in big data
- 2023
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Ingår i: Geoenergy Science and Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2949-8910. ; 225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the behavior of a complex dynamic system for a large oil field in Iraq is significantly influenced by many nonlinearities, its dependent parameters exhibit non-stationary with a very high delay time. Developing white-box modelling approaches for such dynamic oil well production cannot handle these large data sets with all dependent dimensions and their non-linear effects. Therefore, this study adopts the hybrid model that combines white-box and black-box to address such problems because the model outputs require various variable types to achieve optimal fitness to measured values. The hybrid model structure needs to evolve with changes in the physical parameters (white-box part) and Neural Networks' Weights (black-box part). The model structure of the proposed hybrid network relied on converting fuzzy rules in a Takagi–Sugeno–Kang Fuzzy System (TSK-FS) into a multilayer perceptron network (MLP). The hybrid parameters are formulated concerning six-dimensional dependent variables to describe them in matrix form or layer and by which can quantify total model outputs. After mapping categorical variables to tuples of MLP, the Gauss-Newton regression (GNR) provides an optimal update of the hybrid parameters to get the best fitting of the model outputs with the target of the dataset. The clustering technique and GNR promote predictive performance due to reducing uncertainties in the hybrid parameters. Due to time being the most effective of the independent variables for predicting oil production, datasets are classified into different clusters based on time. The actual field dataset for training and validation is collected from Zubair Oil Field (9 oil wells), which is implemented to build the proposed model. The results of the hybrid model indicate that the development of the proposed structure has achieved the high capability to represent such big data which is the most imperative feature of the proposed model. Furthermore, obtained results show its accuracy far outpacing competitors and achieving a significant improvement in predictive performance.
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| 10. |
- Short, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Manufacturing, sustainability, ecodesign and risk : Lessons learned from a study of Swedish and English companies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 37, s. 342-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research suggests that, despite a desire to introduce environmental concerns into New Product Design, many companies in the northwest of England have not done so. In order to understand more about why companies do or do not take on sustainability methodologies, an entirely new and rigorous approach was taken. This paper therefore presents the results of a questionnaire investigating the up-take of Eco/Sustainable Design in manufacturing companies in Sweden - a country that might be considered more environmentally progressive than the UK - and discusses them alongside the results of an identical questionnaire in the UK. The results are presented in the context of risk and risk aversion/management - in particular the risk associated with taking on board Design for Sustainability as a design method or a company strategy. It is found that there is no clear "winner" in sustainability between UK and Swedish engineering companies; there is encouraging news in both countries, with a desire to practice sustainability, but some that is not so good with the number of companies that actually implement relevant methodologies. It is apparent that there are still hindrances and perceived risks preventing companies taking sustainability fully on board, despite the recognition that sustainability is a "good thing"; the importance of the implementation of sustainability has not yet been fully grasped by industry and by those with the responsibility required to effect any changes.
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