| 1. |
- Isaksson, Karolina, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Problembilder som formar framtidens mobilitet : exemplet "mobilitet som tjänst" i kollektivtrafikplanering
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ett nytt kontrakt för samhällsbyggande. - : Linnefors förlag. - 9789188651082
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhället byggs och utvecklas av många aktörer tillsammans. Offentlig sektor, näringslivet och civilsamhällets aktörer deltar alla i samhällsbygget - om än på olika sätt, med olika resurser, förmågor, mandat och uppdrag. I den här boken bidrar en rad forskare – verksamma inom olika discipliner och vid olika lärosäten – till en kvalificerad diskussion om dessa aktörers föränderliga betydelse i samhällsbyggnadsprocesser. I boken diskuteras frågor som handlar om makt och ansvar, samt betydelsen av kulturens, idrottens och medborgarnas engagemang. Här finns också en diskussion om digitaliseringens betydelse för omställning och samhällsutveckling och om hur teknisk infrastruktur och system för transport och energi kan omvandlas i takt med förändrade behov och ökade krav på hållbarhet. I boken diskuteras också urbana experiment för samhällsbyggnad, nya modeller för platsutveckling, och de nya krav som offentlig förvaltning ställs inför. Flera av bidragen diskuterar hur aktörer med olika förutsättningar och resurser kan samverka med varandra.
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| 2. |
- Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated cost and environmental impact assessment of management options for dredged sediment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 138, s. 30-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large quantities of sediment must be dredged regularly to enable marine transport and trade. The sediments are often polluted, with e.g. metals, which limits the management options. The aim of this study has been to assess costs and environmental impacts (impact on climate, marine organisms, etc.) of different management options for polluted dredged sediment, by combining life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the climate impact, scoring of other environmental aspects and a cost evaluation. This approach has been used to study both traditional and new management alternatives for a real port case. The studied options include landfilling, deep-sea disposal, construction of a port area using a stabilization and solidification (S/S) method, and a combination of the aforementioned methods with the innovative option of metal recovery through sediment electrolysis. The LCA showed that deep-sea disposal had the lowest climate impact. The assessment of the other environmental impacts showed that the result varied depending on the pollution level and the time perspective used (short or long-term). Using sediment for construction had the highest climate impact, although other environmental impacts were comparably low. Electrolysis was found to be suitable for highly polluted sediments, as it left the sediment cleaner and enabled recovery of precious metals, however the costs were high. The results highlight the complexity of comparing different environmental impacts and the benefits of using integrated assessments to provide clarity, and to evaluate both the synergetic and counteracting effects associated with the investigated scenarios and may aid early-stage decision making.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Chi, et al.
(författare)
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Purchase Intention for Crowd-funded Milk Products with Integrated Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems in China
- 2019
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy Integration with Mini/Microgrid. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 503-508, s. 503-508
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In comparison with current financing mechanisms for renewable energy systems, crowd-funding financing mechanism offers a new potential source of financing with recent use of social media. Crowd-funding financing mechanism can also increases the social supports for renewable energy systems as users and investors turn to be more actively engaged in energy systems. As a new potential source of financing, crowd-funding mechanism has different forms, including donation, lending, equity and product reward approaches. In this paper, discrete choice model was used to explore whether crowd-funding financing with a novel sociotechnical product reward practice, has the attractions for potential customers to pay for a more sustainable milk product with distributed photovoltaic (PV) system. We empirically investigated the reward-base crowd funding with the specific integrated photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) system in dairy milk production in China. 48 in-depth interviews were adopted for qualitative analysis of determinants of customer milk purchase decision. The ordered probit regression was employed with 357 online surveys to systematically estimate the purchase intention for the online-crowd-funding sustainable milk. Customer behaviours, environmental consciousness, and the individual socio-demographic factors were tested as potential explanatory variables. In the survey and depth interview samples, we found interviewees as potential customers showed strong purchase intentions to the crowd funding dairy milk for noticing milk quality and nutritious improvement, emission reduction and environmental benefits by the integrated PVWP system. In our findings of the regression results, the females, customers with young children or planning to have children were found with higher willing to purchase than other customers for crowd funding the sustainable dairy milk. The familiarity and popularity with online shopping and pre-sale purchase in China made customers more open and active towards pre-pay and crowd-funding mechanism.
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| 4. |
- Takman, Johanna, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions for renewable energy diffusion: Exemplified by liquefied biogas for heavy trucks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 110, s. 150-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has developed and applied a framework to analyse barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions for the diffusion of alternative fuels, here exemplified by liquefied biogas (LBG) for heavy trucks. The study is based on expert and stakeholder interviews in Sweden. Also, the study estimates a cost example of using heavy duty LBG-trucks instead of conventional diesel trucks. The framework is based on two previously published frameworks to categorise barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions and comprises five categories: financial, technical/commercial/physical, policy, public acceptability, and market structure/interaction barriers. Each category considers both the system and actor levels. The results of this study fit the framework's categories well, and the framework is appropriate for analysing the diffusion of liquefied biogas for heavy trucks, and other technologies with similar characteristics. The results further indicate that a network level, in addition to the system and actor levels, could advance our understanding of renewable energy diffusion. The most mentioned opportunities were climate/environmental benefits, potential profitability, and newly introduced policies. The cost estimates show that given current taxes and policies in Sweden, the costs of using LBG-trucks are only marginally higher than those of using conventional diesel trucks. Commonly cited barriers were financial issues, an unstable policy context, lack of infrastructure, and lack of knowledge. Suggested solutions for overcoming barriers were financial incentives, a stable policy context, demonstration projects, and information campaigns. Improved knowledge and working together throughout the biogas value chain, with a palette of renewable energy options, are important for accelerating a sustainable renewable fuel diffusion. Several policy instruments that currently exists in Sweden already target the mentioned barriers. Thus, it is important to continuously evaluate policy instruments to understand if they are effective and efficient, or if anything need to be changed to reach the targets of the policy instrument.
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| 5. |
- Merkel, Axel, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Port call optimization and CO2-emissions savings : Estimating feasible potential in tramp shipping
- 2022
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Ingår i: Maritime Transport Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-822X. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The promise of Port Call Optimization (PCO) measures such as Virtual Arrival (VA) for increased fuel efficiency in shipping is emphasized in the literature and professional ranks alike. Despite their envisioned benefits and feasibility, the implementation of such measures has largely remained lacking. Recent studies indicate that the potential of VA on fuel efficiency might be overestimated. In this paper we propose a new approach to estimate the fuel efficiency potential of VA based on traffic data from the Swedish tramp shipping sector. Our results indicate that the feasible fuel efficiency potential of VA is significantly smaller than what has previously been reported with no discernible benefit to large cohorts of voyages. We conclude that further empirical analyses are required for increased accuracy of the estimation of the potential of PCO for increased fuel efficiency in shipping and that more measured approaches in implementation and evaluation of PCO are called for.
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| 6. |
- Sjöstrand, Henrik, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Regeringsuppdrag om elektrifieringen av transporter : Elektrifieringen av sjöfarten – förutsättningar, nuläge och styrmedel
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regeringen har uppdragit åt Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) att ”bidra till kunskapsuppbyggnaden kring en snabb, smart och samhällsekonomiskt effektiv elektrifiering av transportsektorn”. I denna rapport beskrivs elektrifieringen av sjöfarten idag samt styrmedel som har införts i Sverige, på internationell nivå och i andra länder för att påskynda elektrifieringen av sjöfarten. VTI tar fram andra rapporter som svarar mot de övriga frågeställningarna och datum för redovisningar som framgår av regeringsuppdraget.Sjöfarten är än så länge elektrifierad i mycket liten utsträckning, då endast knappt 340 av drygt 98 000 fartyg globalt i december 2021 hade någon form av elektrisk framdrivning. På grund av att vätgas- och batteriframdrift är förknippade med högre kostnader, lägre energidensitet (och stora energiförluster vid vätgasframdrift) samt kräver mer utrymme jämfört med konventionell framdrift, lämpar sig elektrifiering bäst för färjor och andra fartyg som trafikerar kortare, fasta rutter med många stopp.Majoriteten av de styrmedel på internationell nivå och i Sverige som identifieras i rapporten är avsedda att främja investeringar i såväl landel som batteriframdrift och vätgasframdrift. Det gäller till exempel miljödifferentierade hamn- och farledsavgifter, miljökrav samt stöd till investeringar och forskning. De nationella styrmedel i andra länder som identifieras i rapporten främjar i många fall elektrifieringen av enskilda fartyg, exempelvis genom riktade investeringsstöd till om- och nybyggnationer av fartyg och krav på eldrift vid upphandling av offentligt ägda fartyg eller kollektivtrafik. Norge lägger betydande summor på en grön omställning av sjöfarten, kombinerat med kommande krav på låg- och nollutsläppsfartyg i norska vatten.En implementering av EU-kommissionens klimatlagstiftningspaket Fit for 55 kan komma att öka internaliseringen av utsläppskostnaderna, och därmed öka incitamenten för investeringar i elektrifiering av sjöfarten. Paketet innehåller bland annat förslag om beskattning av sjöfartsbränsle, handel med utsläppsrätter för sjöfarten och koldioxidbaserade bränslekrav.
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| 7. |
- Kalantari, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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On the utilization of hydrological modelling for road drainage design under climate and land use change
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 475, s. 97-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road drainage structures are often designed using methods that do not consider process-based representations of a landscape's hydrological response. This may create inadequately sized structures as coupled land cover and climate changes can lead to an amplified hydrological response. This study aims to quantify potential increases of runoff in response to future extreme rain events in a 61 km(2) catchment (40% forested) in southwest Sweden using a physically-based hydrological modelling approach. We simulate peak discharge and water level (stage) at two types of pipe bridges and one culvert, both of which are commonly used at Swedish road/stream intersections, under combined forest clear-cutting and future climate scenarios for 2050 and 2100. The frequency of changes in peak flow and water level varies with time (seasonality) and storm size. These changes indicate that the magnitude of peak flow and the runoff response are highly correlated to season rather than storm size. In all scenarios considered, the dimensions of the current culvert are insufficient to handle the increase in water level estimated using a physically-based modelling approach. It also appears that the water level at the pipe bridges changes differently depending on the size and timing of the storm events. The findings of the present study and the approach put forward should be considered when planning investigations on and maintenance for areas at risk of high water flows. In addition, the research highlights the utility of physically-based hydrological models to identify the appropriateness of road drainage structure dimensioning
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| 8. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Coal tar-containing asphalt : Resource or hazardous waste?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 11:4, s. 99-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coal tar was used in Sweden for the production of asphalt and for the drenching of stabilization gravel until 1973. The tar has high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which may be strongly carcinogenic. Approximately 20 million tonnes of tar-containing asphalt is present in the public roads in Sweden. Used asphalt from rebuilding can be classified as hazardous waste according to the Swedish Waste Act. The cost of treating the material removed as hazardous waste can be very high due to the large amount that has to be treated, and the total environmental benefit is unclear. The transport of used asphalt to landfill or combustion will affect other environmental targets. The present project, based on three case studies of road projects in Sweden, evaluates the consequences of four scenarios for handling the material: reuse, landfill, biological treatment, and incineration. The results show that reuse of the coal tar-containing materials in new road construction is the most favorable alternative in terms of cost, material use, land use, energy consumption, and air emissions.
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| 9. |
- Faith-Ell, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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The application of environmental requirements in Swedish road maintenance contracts
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 14:2, s. 163-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports two studies of the implementation of environmental requirements in Swedish road maintenance contracts. It aims to examine the fulfillment and follow-up of the requirements, the client intentions behind the requirements, and factors influencing the contractors' environmental performance. The study shows that a serious effort to integrate environmental aspects into the contracts has been made. However, the application of the requirements is hampered by deficient information transfer to key actors and a lack of systematic follow-up of the requirements. In order to make green procurement effective, simpler and clearer requirements and effective follow-up routines are needed
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| 10. |
- Fölster, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Policy to Defeat the Green Paradox
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 39:3, s. 223-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon dioxide emissions have accelerated since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol. This discouraging development may partly be blamed on accelerating world growth and on lags in policy instruments. However, it also raises serious question concerning whether policies to reduce CO2 emissions are as effective as generally assumed. In recent years, a considerable number of studies have identified various feedback mechanisms of climate policies that often erode, and occasionally reinforce, their effectiveness. These studies generally focus on a few feedback mechanisms at a time, without capturing the entire effect. Partial accounting of policy feedbacks is common in many climate scenarios. The IPCC, for example, only accounts for direct leakage and rebound effects. This article attempts to map the aggregate effects of different types of climate policy feedback mechanisms in a cohesive framework. Controlling feedback effects is essential if the policy measures are to make any difference on a global level. A general conclusion is that aggregate policy feedback mechanisms tend to make current climate policies much less effective than is generally assumed. In fact, various policy measures involve a definite risk of 'backfiring' and actually increasing CO2 emissions. This risk is particularly pronounced once effects of climate policies on the pace of innovation in climate technology are considered. To stand any chance of controlling carbon emissions, it is imperative that feedback mechanisms are integrated into emission scenarios, targets for emission reduction and implementation of climate policy. In many cases, this will reduce the scope for subsidies to renewable energy sources, but increase the scope for other measures such as schemes to return carbon dioxide to the ground and to mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases from wetlands and oceans. A framework that incorporates policy feedback effects necessitates rethinking the design of the national and regional emission targets. This leads us to a new way of formulating emission targets that include feedback effects, the global impact target. Once the full climate policy feedback mechanisms are accounted for, there are probably only three main routes in climate policy that stand a chance of mitigating global warming: (a) returning carbon to the ground, (b) technological leaps in zero-emission energy technology that make it profitable to leave much carbon in the ground even in Annex II countries and (c) international agreements that make it more profitable to leave carbon in the ground or in forests.
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