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- Grelle, Achim, et al.
(författare)
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From source to sink : recovery of the carbon balance in young forests
- 2023
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1923 .- 1873-2240. ; 330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyzed ecosystem carbon fluxes from eddy-covariance measurements in five young forests in southernSweden where the previous stand had been harvested by clear-cutting or wind-felled: three stands with Norwayspruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), one with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and one with Larch (Larix x eurolepis A.Henry). One of the spruce stands had the stumps harvested, one was fertilized and one without any specialtreatments. These stands returned from positive (sources) to negative (sinks) annual carbon fluxes 8–13 yearsafter disturbance, depending on site productivity and management. This corresponds to approximately 15% ofthe rotation periods at these sites. Extrapolation in combination with chronosequence data suggests thatconventionally regenerated stands reach a neutral carbon balance after approximately 30% of the rotationperiod. The lowest carbon emissions and shortest recovery time was observed in a stand where the stumps of thetrees, in addition to the stems and logging residues, were removed after harvest. This stand not only returned to acarbon sink within this time period but the total carbon gains since disturbance also equaled the total losses afteronly 11 years. These results stress that production stands in southern Sweden are carbon sources during arelatively small part of the rotation period, and that this part can be considerably shortened by measures thatincrease productivity or reduce the amount of woody debris left after disturbance.
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| 3. |
- Lundmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Potential Roles of Swedish Forestry in the Context of Climate Change Mitigation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Forests. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 5:4, s. 557-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, where forests cover more than 60% of the land area, silviculture and the use of forest products by industry and society play crucial roles in the national carbon balance. A scientific challenge is to understand how different forest management and wood use strategies can best contribute to climate change mitigation benefits. This study uses a set of models to analyze the effects of different forest management and wood use strategies in Sweden on carbon dioxide emissions and removals through 2105. If the present Swedish forest use strategy is continued, the long-term climate change mitigation benefit will correspond to more than 60 million tons of avoided or reduced emissions of carbon dioxide annually, compared to a scenario with similar consumption patterns in society but where non-renewable products are used instead of forest-based products. On average about 470 kg of carbon dioxide emissions are avoided for each cubic meter of biomass harvested, after accounting for carbon stock changes, substitution effects and all emissions related to forest management and industrial processes. Due to Sweden’s large export share of forest-based products, the climate change mitigation effect of Swedish forestry is larger abroad than within the country. The study also shows that silvicultural methods to increase forest biomass production can further reduce net carbon dioxide emissions by an additional 40 million tons of per year. Forestry’s contribution to climate change mitigation could be significantly increased if management of the boreal forest were oriented towards increased biomass production and if more wood were used to substitute fossil fuels and energy-intensive materials.
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| 5. |
- Poudel, Bishnu Chandra, et al.
(författare)
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Forest biomass production and their potential use to mitigate climate change
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tackling climate change. - Tours, France : INRA Editions.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how forest products can be utilized to contribute tackling climate change. An integrated model-based system analysis approach is applied to estimate forest biomass production and substitution effects of climate change and forest management goals. We estimate net primary production with the use of process based model BIOMASS incorporating climate change effects according to IPCC SRES B2 scenario. BIOMASS considers the processes of radiation absorption, photosynthesis, phenology, allocation of photosynthesis among plant organs, litter-fall, and the stand water balance. The resulting output of net primary production from BIOMASS is input into the empirical model HUGIN to calculate tree growth functions in five scenarios representing different forest management goals. These growth functions determine the total growth and the potential harvestable forest biomass. The harvested products in terms of whole tree biomass and stem wood biomass are then assumed to substitute construction materials and fossil fuels, and the substitution effect is calculated in terms of net CO2 emission reduction. We use the Q-model to estimate soil carbon changes in the forest because of litter fall and soil decomposition processes in different scenarios. The results show that the climate change effect and intensive forestry practice can increase forest production and product harvest by up to 75% and 69% respectively compared to the production in the year 2010. If the harvested biomass is used to substitute fossil fuel and building construction materials a total net carbon emission reduction up to 249 Tg carbon is possible. The carbon stock in standing biomass, forest soils, and wood products all increases. The carbon stock changes are less significant than compared to the substitution benefits. This study can conclude that the climate change effect and improved forest management practices may increase forest biomass significantly, thus will give increased opportunity to reduce carbon emission significantly to contribute to the climate change mitigation.
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