| 1. |
- Wasserbaur, Raphael, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of governmental policies and business models for a circular economy: A systematic literature review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 337
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Governmental policies and business models are considered key elements for a transition to a circular economy. In current literature, there is a lack of understanding on how these two elements interact and how this understanding is used to accelerate the realisation of a circular economy. We shed light on this issue by conducting a systematic review of the literature in combination with a literature synthesis that looked in particular at interactions between governmental policies and business models not limited to a circular economy. We systematised the findings and then applied them to a circular economy context. The results show that there is a multitude of possible interactions between governmental policies and business models. The most commonly studied interaction is between command-and-control regulations and the value proposition element of business models. Soft policy measures like information- or communication-based policies or support mechanisms are less studied. Other findings suggest that there are certain types of dynamics which are useful to understand for policymakers and business model designers alike. A few examples of the synthesised insights are i) entrepreneurs may optimise their circular business models to exploit the policy framework, ii) technologies may lead to circular business model innovation forcing policymakers to adapt, and iii) policymakers may pay special attention to the needs of circular business models and support their competitiveness.
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| 2. |
- Wasserbaur, Raphael, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Spurring remanufacturing through public procurement : A case study in the Swedish automotive industry
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of this early stage research is to is to understand how municipalities through public procurement can influence the scale-up of remanufacturing of spare parts in the automotive industry. We present an early assessment of the potential of remanufacturing to cover the spare parts demands of municipalities. The applied methods included interviews as well as a literature review on green public procurement and on remanufacturing in the automotive sector. The results show that current management of car fleets in the analysed Swedish municipalities is not leading to demand for remanufactured spare parts. We suggest that if the public sector wants to spur this aspect of circular economy, car fleets need to be managed differently and holistic assessments like lifecycle costing and lifecycle analysis should be part of the public procurement process.
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| 3. |
- Bauer, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring waste prevention and reuse: digital opportunities : Using the digitalisation of society to inform policy
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The data generated in our digital society can be harnessed to generate policy-relevant indicators on waste prevention and reuse, and be used to fill in the gaps left by official data and statistics. This project elaborates where the greatest potentials lie for improving the monitoring of waste prevention and reuse, and presents a roadmap for improving the monitoring of waste prevention in the Nordic countries. This is based mapiping the EU reporting demands for waste prevention and reuse and the methods currently employed in the Nordic countries to measure waste prevention and reuse, as well as an investigation of the methods used in other European countries together with a suite of case studies of novel methods for measuring waste prevention and reuse.
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| 4. |
- Crafoord, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The use of public procurement to incentivize longer lifetime and remanufacturing of computers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 73, s. 137-141
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving the product lifetime of consumer electronics can provide significant environmental benefits. However, there is a tendency among both professional users and consumers to change products, like computers and mobile phones regularly, and as a result their lifetimes become increasingly shorter. With the rise of the Circular Economy, new policies to promote longer product lifetimes have emerged in Europe. These include the regulation of minimum product lifetime through the Ecodesign Directive, the extension of consumer warranties, and the French criminalization of planned obsolescence. Public procurement is an instrument with a significant potential to incentivize longer lifetimes. This study examines the potential for extending the lifetime of computers through public procurement in a Swedish context. The methods employed are literature reviews and interviews with procurers in municipalities, computer remanufacturers, suppliers of computers, and national authorities. There is increasing interest in promoting longer lifetimes through procurement among procuring organizations. Some Swedish municipalities are already procuring remanufactured computers, mainly for economic reasons, and they generally have positive experiences. However, remanufactured computers may not work for all kinds of functions, which highlight the importance of identifying needs of different users. Some municipalities do not plan to purchase remanufactured computers, outlining several barriers. The public sector can also support Circular Economy objectives through supporting recycled materials in new computers. In addition to procurement practices, the public sector can support remanufacturing through selling used computers to remanufacturers.
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| 5. |
- Dalhammar, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Ecodesign and the Circular Economy: Conflicting Policies in Europe
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: EcoDesign and Sustainability : Products, Services, and Business Models - Products, Services, and Business Models. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811567797 - 9789811567780 ; 1, s. 187-198
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of policies that address the various life cycle environmental impacts of products are increasing, especially in Europe. With the rise of the Circular Economy (CE) concept, the traditional product policies have been supported by new ones that pursue new policy objectives such as increasing product lifetimes and encourage more repairs. In this contribution we discuss principles for improving synergies and reduce conflicts among different product policies. We then outline some of the recent conflicts between policies that have emerged in the context of the CE. We conclude that often the conflicts can be mitigated, or that it is possible to reach a compromise. However, we need to accept that in many cases there is no solution that will satisfy all involved stakeholders.
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| 6. |
- Gåvertsson, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Quality Labelling for Re-used ICT Equipment to Support Consumer Choice in the Circular Economy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-0700 .- 0168-7034. ; 43:2, s. 353-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ever-increasing consumption of natural resources required for the production of consumer electronics, and the growing amount of electronic waste, underline the importance and urgency of extending the lifespan and use of such products. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) remanufacturing is a growing industry, which nonetheless faces several barriers. Consumers often have a perception of re-used and remanufactured products that they are of lesser quality than their new counterparts. To increase consumer confidence, a quality label could be used to communicate quality aspects of re-used ICT equipment. This study investigates the potential of establishing a comprehensive labelling scheme for ICT products, covering criteria on product quality, as a way to support the uptake of re-used and remanufactured products in Sweden. A detailed analysis, through interviews and a literature review of existing re-use certification initiatives in different jurisdictions, highlighted aspects that should be considered for the design and implementation of a labelling scheme, including appropriate marketing, funding sources, establishment of networks, and the necessity of specific quality criteria on ICT products. Interviews with Swedish ICT stakeholders revealed a trade-off between the information communicated by a label of re-used and remanufactured ICT products and the costs to cover and verify these aspects. The Swedish ICT re-use sector is small and it could only benefit from a labelling scheme if there is wide stakeholder participation and government support. Lastly, a quality labelling scheme should be linked to public procurement processes to improve its effectiveness and efficiency.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Milios, Leonidas
(författare)
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Advancing to a Circular Economy: three essential ingredients for a comprehensive policy mix
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4057 .- 1862-4065. ; 13:3, s. 861-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Material resources exploitation and the pressure on natural ecosystems have raised concerns over potential future resource risks and supply failures worldwide. Interest in the concept of Circular Economy has surged in recent years among policy makers and business actors. An increasing amount of literature touches upon the conceptualisation of Circular Economy, the development of ‘circular solutions’ and circular business models, and policies for a Circular Economy. However, relevant studies on resource efficiency policies mostly utilise a case-by-case or sector-by-sector approach and do not consider the systemic interdependencies of the underlying operational policy framework. In this contribution, a mapping of the existing resource policy framework in the European Union (EU) is undertaken, and used as a basis for identifying policy areas that have been less prominent in influencing material resource efficiency. Employing a life cycle approach, policies affecting material efficiency in the production and consumption stages of a product have been found to be poorly utilised so far in the EU. Taking this as a point of departure, three policy areas that can contribute to closing material loops and increasing resource efficiency are thoroughly discussed and their application challenges are highlighted. The three policy areas are: (1) policies for reuse, repair and remanufacturing; (2) green public procurement and innovation procurement; and (3) policies for improving secondary materials markets. Finally, a potential policy mix, including policy instruments from the three mentioned policy areas—together with policy mixing principles—is presented to outline a possible pathway for transitioning to Circular Economy policy making.
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| 9. |
- Milios, Leonidas, et al.
(författare)
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Ascending the Waste Hierarchy: Re-use Potential in Swedish Recycling Centres
- 2020
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Ingår i: Detritus. - : Eurowaste SRL. - 2611-4135. ; 9, s. 27-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the waste hierarchy principle, which constitutes the basis of European waste legislation, waste prevention and re-use are considered – most of the times – better waste management options than recycling. However, prevention and re-use activities are difficult to operationalise and measure, without a monitoring framework in place. This contribution investigates the potential of re-using end-of-life products that have been disposed at recycling centres in Sweden. Recycling centres receive a wide variety of materials for recycling, of which a portion could be re-used instead. The aim is to identify what product groups can be re-used, the share of these potentially re-usable products in the recycling centres, and under what conditions their re-use is feasible. A literature review of similar studies, site visits at recycling centres in Sweden, and semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders were used to analyse the potential for re-use in private recycling centres in Sweden. The most suitable product groups for re-use identified are building materials, furniture and electrical equipment (mainly white goods), as other material types are mostly handled by charity organisations (e.g. textiles). There is significant potential for increasing re-use operations in recycling centres, but in order to be economically profitable it is important to identify the most suitable material fractions (or product groups) and engage in strategic partnerships that will allow more effective organisation of re-use processes.
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| 10. |
- Milios, Leonidas, et al.
(författare)
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Consumer Perception of Remanufactured Automotive Parts and Policy Implications for Transitioning to a Circular Economy in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Promoting longer lifetimes and efficient re-use of products has a significant potential to save resources and reduce adverse environmental impacts, especially for products that have large resource footprints related to extraction and production processes, as for instance automobiles. Remanufacturing is a product life extension strategy promoting the effective and efficient re-use of products by replacing worn-out components with used or end-of-life parts restored to “like-new” condition and functionality. For developing remanufacturing processes, it is important to take into account the consumers’ perception of remanufactured products, together with factors such as technology and operations management. Previous research has concluded that the perception of a product or service constitutes a critical factor in consumers’ decision-making. However, there is a lack of studies exploring consumers’ perceptions of remanufactured parts, especially in Europe. This contribution analyses the results of an on-line survey (n = 203) of Swedish consumers, concerning their familiarity with remanufactured auto parts and their perceptions on associated benefits and risks. The survey revealed that Swedish car owners have limited knowledge about remanufactured parts. On the other hand, they do recognise the benefits of using such parts, without showing a significant risk aversion in their purchase decision. The survey also explored consumers’ opinion on potential measures to bridge the identified gap in knowledge, revealing that although they would trust a quality certification scheme for remanufactured auto parts—preferably set up by an industry association—that would not be the most critical factor in their purchase decision. Concluding, the article points out the potential of policy interventions to raise consumers’ perception of remanufactured parts to create a market pull for expanding their uptake, and thus increasing the overall resource efficiency in the automotive sector.
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