1.
Bergman, Penny, et al.
(författare)
Age-related decline in senses and cognition: A Review
2021
Ingår i: Senses and Sciences. - : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 2284-2489. ; 8:2, s. 1264-1292
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.
2.
Jedel, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
Differences in personality, perceived stress and physical activity in women with burning mouth syndrome compared to controls.
2021
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 21:1, s. 183-190
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objectives Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a long-lasting pain condition which is commonly associated with anxiety symptoms and experience of adverse, stressful life events have been reported by those diagnosed with the syndrome. Stress-related biomarkers have been related to personality traits in BMS and a personality with high stress susceptibility and perceived stress may be of importance. Although biopsychosocial approaches are suggested to manage long-lasting orofacial pain, to date little is known about physical activity in women with BMS. The aim of this study was to investigate if personality, perceived stress and physical activity distinguish women with BMS from controls. Methods Fifty-six women with BMS and 56 controls matched on age and gender completed Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and a general questionnaire with an item on weekly physical activity frequency. In addition, health-related quality of life was explored by additional questionnaires and reported in a companion article (Jedel et al. Scand J Pain. 2020. PubMed PMID: 32853174). Results SSP subscales Somatic Trait Anxiety, Psychic Trait Anxiety, Stress Susceptibility and Verbal Trait Aggression differed between women with BMS and controls and the personality factor scores for Neuroticism and Aggressiveness were higher. Perceived stress measured by PSQ index was higher for women with BMS compared to controls. Women with BMS reported lower physical activity frequency compared to controls and those reporting physical activity <4 days/week scored higher on PSQ compared to those with weekly physical activity ≥4 days/week. Conclusions Personality distinguished women with BMS from controls in this study. Perceived stress was higher and weekly physical activity was lower in women with BMS compared to controls. Our findings suggest physical activity should be more comprehensively measured in future BMS studies and, by extension, physical activity may be a treatment option for women with BMS. Pain management aiming to restore function and mobility with stress reduction should be considered in clinical decision making for women with BMS who have a personality with stress susceptibility, especially if reporting high perceived stress and insufficient physical activity.
3.
Karlsson, Fredrik, Docent, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
Assessment of speech impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease from acoustic quantifications of oral diadochokinetic sequences
2020
Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 147:2, s. 839-851
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
This investigation aimed at determining whether an acoustic quantification of the oral diadochokinetic (DDK) task may be used to predict the perceived level of speech impairment when speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) are reading a standard passage. DDK sequences with repeated [pa], [ta], and [ka] syllables were collected from 108 recordings (68 unique speakers with PD), along with recordings of the speakers reading a standardized text. The passage readings were assessed in five dimensions individually by four speech-language pathologists in a blinded and randomized procedure. The 46 acoustic DDK measures were merged with the perceptual ratings of read speech in the same recording session. Ordinal regression models were trained repeatedly on 80% of ratings and acoustic DDK predictors per dimension in 10-folds, and evaluated in testing data. The models developed from [ka] sequences achieved the best performance overall in predicting the clinicians' ratings of passage readings. The developed [pa] and [ta] models showed a much lower performance across all dimensions. The addition of samples with severe impairments and further automation of the procedure is required for the models to be used for screening purposes by non-expert clinical staff.
4.
KC, Ashish, 1982, et al.
(författare)
Usability, acceptability and feasibility of a novel technology with visual guidance with video and audio recording during newborn resuscitation: a pilot study.
2022
Ingår i: BMJ health & care informatics. - : BMJ. - 2632-1009. ; 29:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Inadequate adherence to resuscitation for non-crying infants will have poor outcome and thus rationalise a need for real-time guidance and quality improvement technology. This study assessed the usability, feasibility and acceptability of a novel technology of real-time visual guidance, with sound and video recording during resuscitation.A public hospital in Nepal.A cross-sectional design.The technology has an infant warmer with light, equipped with a tablet monitor, NeoBeat and upright bag and mask. The tablet records resuscitation activities, ventilation sound, heart rate and display time since birth. Healthcare providers (HCPs) were trained on the technology before piloting.HCPs who had at least 8 weeks of experience using the technology completed a questionnaire on usability, feasibility and acceptability (ranged 1-5 scale). Overall usability score was calculated (ranged 1-100 scale).Among the 30 HCPs, 25 consented to the study. The usability score was good with the mean score (SD) of 68.4% (10.4). In terms of feasibility, the participants perceived that they did not receive adequate support from the hospital administration for use of the technology, mean score (SD) of 2.44 (1.56). In terms of acceptability, the information provided in the monitor, that is, time elapsed from birth was easy to understand with mean score (SD) of 4.60 (0.76).The study demonstrates reasonable usability, feasibility and acceptability of a technological solution that records audio visual events during resuscitation and provides visual guidance to improve care.
5.
Stiernman, Mia, et al.
(författare)
Scores of the cleft hearing, appearance and speech questionnaire (CHASQ) in Swedish participants with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and a control population
2021
Ingår i: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - Lawrence : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; 58:3, s. 347-353
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether there was any difference in scores of the Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) between patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) and a control population. The second aim was to compare CL/P and control population scores in this study with a British norm CL/P population.DESIGN: Single-site, cross-sectional study with an age-matched control population.SETTING: Participants were recruited from a hospital, a school, and a sports club. They answered the CHASQ in the hospital or at home.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-four participants with CL/P (7-19 years of age) and a control population of 56 participants without CL/P (9-20 years of age).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: CHASQ.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction with cleft-related features between the CL/P and the control population. Participants with CL/P were significantly more satisfied with non-cleft-related features than the control population. Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire scores were also similar to earlier established British normative data of a CL/P population.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that children and young people with CL/P were as satisfied with their appearance, hearing, and speech as children and young people without CL/P. Swedish CHASQ scores were also similar to British scores.
6.
Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
Introduction
2022
Ingår i: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030780654
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
In 2020, for the first time in history, there were more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there were children below the age of 5 years. The population aged over 65 years is projected to increase from one billion in 2019 to more than two billion in 2050, and those aged over 80 years are projected to increase from 143 to 426 million, with the largest increase occurring in the developing world (UN World Population Prospects, 2019). This demographic trend constitutes the largest global health challenge, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The European Union has set it as one of the major challenges in Horizon 2020 and it has important societal implications (European Commission, 2020). The proportion of retired individuals will increase, leading to an increased ratio between those who have exited the workforce and those still active in the labour market. Thus, ageing represents a global societal and scientific challenge requiring integrated efforts, multidisciplinary translational research approaches and social innovations that build on ideas of potentials and capabilities, emphasising the value of old age.
7.
Larsson, Simon B., et al.
(författare)
Self-reported symptom severity, general health, and impairment in post-acute phases of COVID-19: retrospective cohort study of Swedish public employees
2022
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
This study aimed to examine current symptom severity and general health in a sample of primarily non-hospitalized persons with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 in comparison to PCR negative controls. During the first quarter of 2021, we conducted an online survey among public employees in West Sweden, with a valid COVID-19 test result. The survey assessed past-month severity of 28 symptoms and signs, self-rated health, the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 and illness severity at the time of test. We linked participants' responses to their SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests results. We compared COVID-19 positive and negative participants using univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Out of 56,221 invited, 14,222 (25.3%) responded, with a response rate of 50% among SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Analysis included 10,194 participants (86.4% women, mean age 45 years) who tested positive 4-12 weeks (N = 1425; subacute) and > 12 weeks (N = 1584; postcovid) prior to the survey, and 7185 PCR negative participants who did not believe that they had had COVID-19. Symptoms were highly prevalent in all groups, with worst symptoms in subacute phase participants, followed by postcovid phase and PCR negative participants. The most specific symptom for COVID-19 was loss of smell or taste. Both WHODAS 2.0 score and self-rated health were worst in subacute participants, and modestly worse in postcovid participants than in negative controls. Female gender, older age and acute illness severity had larger effects on self-rated health and WHODAS 2.0 score in PCR positive participants than in PCR negative. Studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine the long-term improvement after COVID-19.
8.
Aamodt, Ina Thon, et al.
(författare)
Self-Care Monitoring of Heart Failure Symptoms and Lung Impedance at Home Following Hospital Discharge: Longitudinal Study
2020
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. - 1438-8871. ; 22:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Self-care is key to the daily management of chronic heart failure (HF). After discharge from hospital, patients may struggle to recognize and respond to worsening HF symptoms. Failure to monitor and respond to HF symptoms may lead to unnecessary hospitalizations. Objective: This study aimed to (1) determine the feasibility of lung impedance measurements and a symptom diary to monitor HF symptoms daily at home for 30 days following hospital discharge and (2) determine daily changes in HF symptoms of pulmonary edema, lung impedance measurements, and if self-care behavior improves over time when patients use these self-care monitoring tools. Methods: This study used a prospective longitudinal design including patients from cardiology wards in 2 university hospitals-one in Norway and one in Lithuania. Data on HF symptoms and pulmonary edema were collected from 10 participants (mean age 64.5 years; 90% (9/10) male) with severe HF (New York Heart Association classes III and IV) who were discharged home after being hospitalized for an HF condition. HF symptoms were self-reported using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale for Heart Failure. Pulmonary edema was measured by participants using a noninvasive lung impedance monitor, the Cardio Set Edema Guard Monitor. Informal caregivers aided the participants with the noninvasive measurements. Results: The prevalence and burden of shortness of breath varied from participants experiencing them daily to never, whereas lung impedance measurements varied for individual participants and the group participants, as a whole. Self-care behavior score improved significantly (P=.007) from a median of 56 (IQR range 22-75) at discharge to a median of 81 (IQR range 72-98) 30 days later. Conclusions: Noninvasive measurement of lung impedance daily and the use of a symptom diary were feasible at home for 30 days in HF patients. Self-care behavior significantly improved after 30 days of using a symptom diary and measuring lung impedance at home. Further research is needed to determine if daily self-care monitoring of HF signs and symptoms, combined with daily lung impedance measurements, may reduce hospital readmissions.
9.
Abelsson, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
To strengthen self-confidence as a step in improving prehospital youth laymen basic life support
2020
Ingår i: BMC Emergency Medicine. - : NLM (Medline). - 1471-227X .- 1471-227X. ; 20:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
BACKGROUND:A rapid emergency care intervention can prevent the cardiac arrest from resulting in death. In order for Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) to have any real significance for the survival of the patient, it requires an educational effort educating the large masses of people of whom the youth is an important part. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a two-hour education intervention for youth regarding their self-confidence in performing Adult Basic Life Support (BLS).METHODS:A quantitative approach where data consist of a pre- and post-rating of seven statements by 50 participants during an intervention by means of BLS theoretical and practical education.RESULTS:The two-hour training resulted in a significant improvement in the participants' self-confidence in identifying a cardiac arrest (pre 51, post 90), to perform compressions (pre 65, post 91) and ventilations (pre 64, post 86) and use a defibrillator (pre 61, post 81). In addition, to have the self-confidence to be able to perform, and to actually perform, first aid to a person suffering from a traumatic event was significantly improved (pre 54, post 89).CONCLUSION:By providing youth with short education sessions in CPR, their self-confidence can be improved. This can lead to an increased will and ability to identify a cardiac arrest and to begin compressions and ventilations. This also includes having the confidence using a defibrillator. Short education sessions in first aid can also lead to increased self-confidence, resulting in young people considering themselves able to perform first aid to a person suffering from a traumatic event. This, in turn, results in young people perceiveing themselves as willing to commence an intervention during a traumatic event. In summary, when the youth believe in their own knowledge, they will dare to intervene.
10.
