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- Gunnarsson, Åsa, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Sweden: From proactive policies to anti-discrimination law
- 2023
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In: Nordic Equality and Anti-Discrimination Laws in the Throes of Change Legal developments in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Iceland. - London : Routledge. - 9781032001258 - 9781003172840
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A shift from politics to law, inefficient enforcement tools, and dislodgment from action to information as well as criticism of gender equality from various angles have all had an impact on the law’s ability to contribute to the achievement of gender equality in Sweden. It is not primarily through anti-discrimination legislation and litigation that gender equality has been achieved in Sweden, and such an approach will probably not be the main strategy in the future. Still, we have to continue to improve the protection provided to victims of individual discrimination and harassment. The Swedish case shows how the individual’s right to access to justice can be undermined in a context where state bodies – such as the Ombudsman – are given wide discretionary powers to promote equality as a collective public interest.
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| 2. |
- Hellum, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Introduction: Nordic equality and anti-discrimination laws in the throes of change
- 2023
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In: Nordic Equality and Anti-Discrimination Laws in the Throes of Change Legal developments in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Iceland. - London : Routledge. - 9781032001258 - 9781003172840
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This book provides insights into the drive to achieve substantive gender equality in four Nordic countries: Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. It draws a diverse and complex picture of the long, uneven, and unfinished process towards that goal. These countries’ systematic use of a combination of political and legal instruments has been described as the Nordic gender equality model. The overall aim of such an approach is to achieve substantive equality through a variety of measures that go beyond formal equality. Laws and policies on gender equality vary with the political, social and legal context in each of the Nordic countries, but the Nordic gender equality model may be understood as consisting of three key components. The first is an overarching gender equality policy. The second is welfare legislation that has an explicit or implicit impact on gender relations. The third component is what we refer to as ‘gender equality and anti-discrimination law regimes’: laws that prohibit gender discrimination and promote gender equality through proactive measures, in combination with low-threshold enforcement systems.
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| 3. |
- Arguello, Gabriela, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Regulation of ships at anchor: Safety and environmental implications
- 2022
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In: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ships waiting at anchor are associated with considerable environmental pressures and impacts. Growing and congested anchoring areas are receiving increasing scholarly attention to understand the environmental effects caused by large sea-going ships anchoring in coastal waters. While there is a lack of studies addressing the entire spectrum of environmental pressures and impacts from ships at anchor, ranging from scouring of the seafloor, operational emissions and discharges and waste from maintenance carried out while at anchor, it is well established that anchoring is associated with such pressures. This article takes a problem-oriented approach since there are potential cumulative environmental impacts of ships waiting at anchor. From both a public and private law perspective, we examine the legal structures and challenges associated with the regulation of ships waiting at anchor. We also analyze the public and private law factors that may limit the ability to prevent harmful anchoring practices. Our examination shows that while coastal states have significant jurisdictional powers to regulate anchoring in coastal waters, the current international regulatory framework addresses anchoring incidentally and lacks mechanisms for considering the cumulative impacts of anchoring. Furthermore, the incentives for ships to spend a considerable amount of time at anchor appear to differ substantially across different types of charterparties. Improved regulation requires better scientific knowledge, substantial mapping of legal structures, and a stakeholder survey providing a basis for the exploration of potential contractual practices that may reduce market incentives for anchoring.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gipperth, Lena, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Innovating Ocean Governance Law
- 2024
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In: Towards a Sustainable World: Academic Insights and Perspectives. - Gothenburg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789189838277 ; , s. 181-200
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ocean provides essential ecosystem services such as food production, off- shore renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and recreation. However, scientif- ic evidence warns us about the severe impacts the ocean is facing due to pollution, unsustainable fishing practices, and climate change effects. These effects include ocean acidification, biodiversity loss, and sea level rise. From international, EU, and national perspectives, there is an outspoken aim to boost the ‘blue’ economy while securing healthy marine ecosystems. However, the legal system handling these integrated demands is diverse and fragmented regarding sectoral aims, geographical areas, and governance levels. In their current form, they are not designed or fit to provide an ecosystem-based approach to managing human–ocean relations or to implementing the objective of a healthy and sustainable ocean. To integrate legal competence relevant to ocean governance in both practice and theory, scholars of different legal areas within the Department of Law col- laborate internally and, more importantly, with scholars within other disciplines and actors outside academia. Our ambition is for this interdisciplinary endeavor to prompt changes in socio-environmental governance structures and legal ed- ucation. From a socio-environmental perspective, we examine opportunities to integrate our knowledge of different legal areas and improve our transdisciplinary capacity. We analyze and discuss challenges, drivers, and pathways to provide knowledge supporting a transformation to a more sustainable blue economy. From a legal education perspective, interdisciplinarity requires a problem-based approach and the introduction of threshold concepts that shape how we apprehend a particular phenomenon. Ocean governance is an example of a concept providing a valuable opportunity for broader legal reasoning and for finding meaning- ful connections between national, regional, and international law.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Håkan, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Från stigbundenhet till lagbundenhet? Kritiska vägval vid upphörande av tvångsvård enligt LVU
- 2023
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In: Tidsskrift for rettsvitenskap. - 0040-7143. ; 136:5, s. 586-619
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inom ett pågående forskningsprojekt tillämpas teorin om stigbundenhet (eng. path dependency) på LVU-processen i syfte att problematisera varför upphörande av tvångsvård av barn möter vissa svårigheter. Teorin om stigbundenhet innebär, som förklaringsmodell för mänskligt och institutionellt beteende, att beslutsfattande tenderar att följa en redan inslagen väg, det vill säga tidiga vägval får betydelse. Allteftersom samma stig återkommande beträds av olika aktörer blir den allt mer inarbetad. Sannolikheten ökar för att samma väg beträds av nästa aktör, vilket så småningom resulterar i självförstärkande cykler. Artikeln beskriver tre sammanhang där stigbundenhetstesen metodologiskt operationaliseras till en (process)rättslig, en institutionell respektive en normativ kontext. Våra empiriska resultat (kvantitativa och kvalitativa) illustrerar i dessa sammanhang stigbundenhetsproblematiken och uppkomsten av vissa vägvalssituationer, så kallade critical junctions. I artikeln redogörs självreflektivt för metodens hermeneutiska återkoppling till de teoretiska ingångsvärdena. Studien påvisar teoribildningens relevans för studiet av relevant rättsområde, dess reella rättstillämpning och även bakomliggande lagstiftningsprocess. I Sverige innebär den senaste tidens snabba lagstiftningsåtgärder att stigbundenheter riskerar att befästas som lagbundenheter.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Håkan, 1961, et al.
(author)
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LVU – på villovägar? Om stigbundenhet vid upphörande av tvångsvård
- 2021
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In: Nordisk socialrättslig tidskrift. - 2000-6500. ; :27-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present article series deals with one of the most difficult dilemmas pertaining to child protective custody: balancing long-term stability for children in care against family reunification as ultimate goal. In the first part of this article series, the balance was traced through the formal requirements applicable to, on the one hand, the initiation of child custody and on the other hand, its termination. The first article concluded that – at least with respect to foster home assignments – the longer children stay in protective care, the more difficult it becomes for families to reunite. Path dependency – a theoretical model from the social sciences – was suggested towards, if not explaining, then at least understanding some elements of the legal proceedings conducive towards lock-in effects. These conducive mechanisms are here, in the second article of this series, placed in three legal contexts: First, the procedural framework representing the base rules. It is argued that administrative courts’ ex officio mandate, the loose ambit of “therapeutic” proceedings in combination with the allocation of the burden of proof slant the playing field against individual litigants (albeit in order to “help” them). The playing field itself – referred to as a second institutional context, is then approached from the vantage point of legal theory, taking account of Swedish and international empirical data on different litigants’ litigation odds. In a third, normative context, prevailing notions of familial normality and deviation are explored in order to trace additional factors making it difficult to break the cycle of protective measures.
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Ändrad könstillhörighet och rättsligt föräldraskap
- 2021
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In: Juridisk Publikation. - Stockholm. - 2000-2920 .- 2002-3537. ; :2, s. 273-305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hur hanterar föräldrabalken att män föder barn och att kvinnor kan ha spermier? År 2013 avskaffades krav på sterilisering i samband med ändring av juridisk könstillhörighet och år 2019 infördes ett nytt avsnitt i föräldrabalken om transpersoners och intersexpersoners föräldraskap. Ytterligare bestämmelser införs i januari 2022. Denna artikel syftar till att beskriva och kritiskt analysera den rättsliga regleringen för föräldraskap vid ändrad könstillhörighet. Artikeln beskriver hur regleringen växt fram och förklarar hur den tillämpas i olika situationer. Reglerna har blivit anmärkningsvärt komplicerade, framför allt för att lagstiftaren har behållit de traditionella reglerna för faderskap och moderskap oförändrade och i stället lagt till ett separat avsnitt med tilläggsbestämmelser. Detta medför ett flertal praktiska och stigmatiserande problem. En utredning har tillsatts för att överväga hur föräldrabalken kan göras mer könsneutral för att undvika sådana problem. Avslutningsvis diskuteras därför möjliga utformningar av en sådan lagstiftning.
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