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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) hsv:(Psykologi) hsv:(Tillämpad psykologi) srt2:(2015-2019)"

Sökning: hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) hsv:(Psykologi) hsv:(Tillämpad psykologi) > (2015-2019)

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2.
  • Martins Silva Ramos, Érika, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • An empirical investigation of attitudes towards daily commuting transportation: the impacts of travel satisfaction, driving habits and social desirability.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The 29th International Congress of Applied Psychology, June 26-30, Montréal, Canada.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background/Rational Every day people decide how to travel to their out-of-home activities. What is important for them when choosing the mode of transportation? Are those things predictors of attitudes towards modes of transportation along with driving habits and satisfaction with daily travel? Does being more or less satisfied affect people’s attitudes? Method A survey was mailed to a sample of 3,000 Swedish residents in rural, semi-rural and urban areas. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: driving habits, satisfaction, important aspects when choosing mode of daily commuting and socio-demographics measurements. Results Factor analysis was conducted regarding “satisfaction with daily commuting”, “important aspects for mode choice of commuting” and “driving habits” (KMO = .74; .76; 79, respectively). The retained factors were used in multiple regressions analyses as predictors of attitudes towards car, public transport and bike (R2 = .32; .11; .16, respectively). Conclusions “Driving habits” was the main predictor for attitudes towards car while “socially desirable aspects” was the most important factor to predict attitudes towards public transport and bike. Living in big cities negatively affected attitudes toward car and satisfaction with daily commuting was a minor predictor for all modes of transportation. Action/Impact Attitudes towards modes of commuting are predicted by people’s habits and what they value as important when commuting. Knowing what they value when choosing modes of transportation gives support to implement accurate and effective interventions, policies and new services that promote sustainability in transportation.
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3.
  • Haas, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • Policy is not enough : the influence of the gendered workplace on fathers' use of parental leave in Sweden
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Community, Work and Family. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1366-8803 .- 1469-3615. ; 22:1, s. 58-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Paid parental leave for fathers is a promising social policy tool for degendering the division of labor for childcare. Swedish fathers have had the right to paid parental leave since 1974, but they take only one-fourth of leave days parents take. There are strong cultural norms supporting involved fatherhood, so couples typically want to share leave more than they do. This article explores how workplaces can constrain Swedish fathers' use of state leave policy, in ways that fathers can take for granted, a topic that has received less attention than individual or family-related obstacles. Based on interviews with 56 employees in five large private companies, we found that masculine workplace norms can make it difficult for fathers to choose to take much leave, while aspects of traditional workplace structure building on these norms can negatively affect fathers' capabilities of taking much leave. Workplace culture and structure seemed to be based on assumptions that the ideal worker should prioritize work and has limited caregiving responsibilities, setting limits to fathers' ability to share leave with mothers. Gender theorists suggest such assumptions persist because of male dominance at the workplace and the endurance of gendered assumptions about the roles of men and women.
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4.
  • Hägerhäll, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Human physiological benefits of viewing nature: EEG responses to exact and statistical fractal patterns.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences. - 1090-0578. ; 19:1, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Psychological and physiological benefits of viewing nature have been extensively studied for some time. More recently it has been suggested that some of these positive effects can be explained by nature's fractal properties. Virtually all studies on human responses to fractals have used stimuli that represent the specific form of fractal geometry found in nature, i.e. statistical fractals, as opposed to fractal patterns which repeat exactly at different scales. This raises the question of whether human responses like preference and relaxation are being driven by fractal geometry in general or by the specific form of fractal geometry found in nature. In this study we consider both types of fractals (statistical and exact) and morph one type into the other. Based on the Koch curve, nine visual stimuli were produced in which curves of three different fractal dimensions evolve gradually from an exact to a statistical fractal. The patterns were shown for one minute each to thirty-five subjects while qEEG was continuously recorded. The results showed that the responses to statistical and exact fractals differ, and that the natural form of the fractal is important for inducing alpha responses, an indicator of a wakefully relaxed state and internalized attention.
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6.
  • Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Task Demands on Olfactory, Auditory, and Visual Event-Related Potentials Suggest Similar Top-Down Modulation Across Senses
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 43:2, s. 129-134
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A widely held view is that top-down modulation of sensory information relies on an amodal control network that acts through the thalamus to regulate incoming signals. Olfaction lacks a direct thalamic projection, which suggests that it may differ from other modalities in this regard. We investigated the late positive complex (LPC) amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERP) from 28 participants, elicited by intensity-matched olfactory, auditory and visual stimuli, during a condition of focused attention, a neutral condition, and a condition in which stimuli were to be actively ignored. Amplitudes were largest during the attend condition, lowest during the ignore condition, with the neutral condition in between. A Bayesian analysis resulted in strong evidence for similar effects of task across sensory modalities. We conclude that olfaction, despite its unique neural projections, does not differ from audition and vision in terms of task-dependent neural modulation of the LPC.
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7.
  • Ask, Karl, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • The effects of approach and avoidance states on lie-detection accuracy
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: 18th General Meeting of the European Association of Social Psychology, Granada, Spain, 5-8 July, 2017.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Three experiments examined perceivers’ lie-detection performance under different self-regulatory states. Overall, participants in approach and avoidance states did not differ in their ability to discriminate between truthful and deceptive messages, but approach participants displayed impaired performance relative to controls.
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8.
  • Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Contest-based and norm-based interventions: (How) do they differ in attitudes, norms, and behaviors?
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Setting up a contest is a popular means to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Yet, research on contest-based interventions is scarce while norm-based interventions have gained much attention. In two field experiments, we randomly assigned 79 apartments to either a contest-based or a norm-based electricity conservation intervention and measured kWh usage for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Results from both studies showed that contest-based interventions promote intensive but short-lived electricity saving. In Study 1 apartments assigned to a norm-based intervention showed more stable electricity saving (low intensity and long-lasting). Study 2 did not replicate this finding, but supported that participants in the norm-based intervention also engaged in non-targeted behaviors. These results emphasize the importance of identifying how different intervention techniques may activate different goals, framing both how people think about and act upon targeted pro-environmental behaviors.
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9.
  • Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Experiencing a severe weather event increases concern about climate change
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Climate change is primarily driven by human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and may therefore be mitigated by changes to human behavior (Clayton et al., 2015; IPCC, 2018). Despite efforts to raise awareness and concern about climate change, GHG emissions continue to rise (IPCC, 2018). Climate change seems to be at odds with the immediate, present threats to which humans are adapted to cope (Gifford et al., 2009; Schultz, 2014; van Vugt et al., 2014). In contrast to immediate dangers, climate change is typically abstract, large scale, slow and often unrelated to the welfare of our daily lives (e.g., Ornstein and Ehrlich, 1989; Gifford, 2011). But there are moments when the consequences of climate change are readily apparent, such as extreme weather events. In the current paper, we examine the impact of personal experience with an extreme weather event, and the impact of this experience on beliefs about climate change, and intentions to take actions that can help prepare for and mitigate the consequences of climate change.
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10.
  • Bokenberger, Kathleen, et al. (författare)
  • Shift work and cognitive aging : A longitudinal study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health (NOROSH). - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 43:5, s. 485-493
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives The few studies of shift work and late life cognitive functioning have yielded mixed findings. The aim of the present study is to estimate the association between shift-work experience and change in cognitive performance before and after retirement age among older adults who were gainfully employed.Methods Five hundred and ninety five participants with no dementia were followed up for a mean of 17.6 standard deviation (SD) 8.8 years from a Swedish population-based sample. Participants had self-reported information on any type of shift-work experience (ever/never) in 1984 and measures of cognitive performance (verbal, spatial, memory, processing speed, and general cognitive ability) from up to 9 waves of cognitive assessments during 1986–2012. Night work history (ever/never) from 1998–2002 was available from a subsample (N=320). Early adult cognitive test scores were available for 77 men.Results In latent growth curve modeling, there were no main effects of "any-type" or night shift work on the mean scores or rate of change in any of the cognitive domains. An interaction effect between any-type shift work and education on cognitive performance at retirement was noted. Lower-educated shift workers performed better on cognitive tests than lower-educated day workers at retirement. Sensitivity analyses, however, indicated that the interactions appeared to be driven by selection effects. Lower-educated day workers demonstrated poorer cognitive ability in early adulthood than lower-educated shift workers, who may have selected jobs entailing higher cognitive demand.Conclusion There was no difference in late-life cognitive aging between individuals with a history of working shifts compared to those who had typical day work schedules during midlife.
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