| 1. |
- Kronsell, Annica, et al.
(author)
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The Duty to Protect: Gender in the Swedish Practice of Conscription
- 2001
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In: Cooperation and Conflict. - : SAGE Publications. - 0010-8367 .- 1460-3691. ; 36:2, s. 153-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we turn first to a brief discussion of feminist contributions in the field of security, defense, and collective identity, and then argue that Swedish nationalism is tied to a particular form of collective identity formation through the practice of conscription. Drawing on Elshtain's notions of 'just warriors' and 'beautiful souls', we go on to spell out how women, historically, have been situated within the discourse of militarism. Finally, we look at how the contribution of women to the military has been perceived and argued, and then point out how a small number of female soldiers may be instrumental in exposing a particular value system of gender, citizenship, and collective identity. Demilitarization isn't any more automatic than militarization. Indeed, it may be a far stickier process because it goes against the grain of the feminine and masculine conventions and political strategies now prevalent in so many societies. (Enloe, 1993: 259)
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| 2. |
- Denk, Thomas, 1971-
(author)
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Värmland och euron : Studie om de värmländska väljarnas ställningstagande i och inställning till EMU-folkomröstningen
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den 14 september 2003 genomfördes folkomröstningen om införandet av euron i Sverige. Resultatet blev ett klart nej. Det fanns emellertid regionala skillnader i väljarnas ställningstagande. Väljare i en del län röstade i större utsträckning på jaalternativet, medan väljare i andra län var mer kritiska än genomsnittet. Ett av dessa kritiska län var Värmland. Varför fanns denna regionala skillnad i väljarnas ställningstagande? I denna studie analyseras de värmländska väljarnas ställningsstagande i EMU-folkomröstningen. Vilka argument hade de värmländska väljarna för sitt ställningstagande? Vilken betydelse hade partisympatier? Påverkade kampanjen inför folkomröstningen väljarnas ställningstagande? Hur intresserade var väljarna? Fanns det skillnader mellan grupper? Vilken betydelse hade identitet och förtroende för deras ställningstagande? Studien uppmärksammar också folkomröstning som beslutsmetod. Vad tyckte väljarna om folkomröstningen? Vilken inställning till folkomröstning som beslutsmetod hade väljarna? Folkomröstningen om införandet av euron i Sverige blev dramatisk. Ett par dagar före folkomröstningen avled dåvarande utrikesministern Anna Lindh av de skador som hon fick i samband med ett knivöverfall dagen före. Vilken betydelse fick denna dramatiska händelse för väljarna? Studien analyserar händelsens betydelse för de värmländska väljarnas valdeltagande, ställningstagande och inställning till folkomröstningen.
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| 3. |
- Svedberg, Erika, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Den postmoderna militären och kvinnliga soldater
- 2004
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In: NIKK Magasin. - Oslo : Nordisk institutt for kvinne- og kjønnsforskning. - 1502-1521. ; :1, s. 30-33
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 4. |
- Svedberg, Erika
(author)
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The "Other" Recreated : A Relational Approach to East-West Negotiations
- 2000
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study proposes the relational approach to negotiations to further our understanding of the negotiation relationship. At the center is negotiators' outlook on the other and themselves in East-West cooperation projects. This approach to negotiations is pluralist. Consequently, a number of theories have been utilized. First, using feminist theorizing in philosophy and International Relations, the question of objectivity, identity, social position and knowledge production is discussed. The relational approach entails giving up the idea that scientific work can be cleansed of its subjective and affective baggage. Instead, the researcher's biases and social context ought to be used as "evidence" in the research process. Secondly, negotiations are conceptualized as dynamic social processes and the interaction and communication between negoti-ators are analyzed. It is argued that to focus on one actor at a time is nonsensical since the actors influence each other's behavior, thinking and self-images when negotiating. Actors create meaning and sense of identity as they interact. The approach employs theories of communication, social psychology and intercultural communication. Thirdly, in the relational graph the empirical material is presented as a typology of four meetings. The author conducted open-ended interviews with 27 negotiators and had numerous conversations with negotiators and people with experience from East-West cooperation projects. She also coordinated a project between two youth organizations in Sweden and Russia between 1992-95. The four types of meetings in the typology are first, the meeting of different masculinities, in which the interaction is viewed in terms of being between two types of masculinities. Secondly, the mirror meeting is described in which the parties view the other in similar ways. The third type of meeting is the concurring meeting where both sides' descriptions complement an overall picture of the negotiation relationship. Fourthly, in the other recreated the relationship is described in how it evolves over time, from enthusiasm to aversion. The negotiation relationship becomes untenable as new stereotypical other images grow stronger. Many East-West cooperation projects turned out to be a disappointing experience for those involved and, in general, both sides expressed feeling relieved when working together was no longer "necessary" due to practical reasons.
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