| 1. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Reported Mental Health and Risky Lifestyle in Swedish Youth
- 2014
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - : European Society of Criminology. ; , s. 465-465
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-reported mental health and risky lifestyle in Swedish youth Marie Väfors Fritz (Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden), Anna-Karin Ivert (Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden) Mental ill-health has become increasingly common among youth in Sweden. Mental ill-health and criminality are substantial public health problems in terms of human suffering as well as direct and indirect societal costs. A particularly vulnerable group to experience mental health problems and subsequent consequences are immigrants and immigrants’ children. Identification difficulties, social constrains and psychosomatic symptoms are some of the arduousness experienced by immigrants and reflect the hurdles of acculturation. Another vulnerable group in terms of specific mental health symptoms constitutes half of the population, females. More females than ever seek help and treatment for depression, alcohol abuse and suicidal attempts and recommendations are to develop a knowledge base and lead local discussions to stop this down spiral trend. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to investigate mental health and lifestyles among 15-16 year olds living in Malmo, Sweden. The first aim is to explore how these youths report their mental health according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Secondly, the relationship between reported mental health and problematic lifestyle (such as drinking, smoking, and delinquency) will be explored. Lastly, possible differences in mental health and lifestyles across sex and ethnicity will be investigated. Results indicate differences in self-reported mental health across sex and ethnic groups.
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| 2. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie
(författare)
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In and Out of Criminality and Substance Abuse : Life Stories
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many would agree that desistance from crime and substance abuse is a process and not a one-time event. In order to enhance the understanding of this process, a small number of interviews were conducted to listen to the subjective voices of individuals that have been through the hazards of trying to repeatedly leave a life of crime and substance abuse. Men and women in the ages between 20-50 yrs. of age were asked to narrate their own life stories. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lives of people with repeated substance abuse and criminal behavior. Semi-structured interviews were used in order to give the narrators the freedom of conveying freely their life story and yet giving the interviewer opportunity to ask about and thus cover aspects of their lives known in the literature as risk factors to develop antisocial behavior. The subjects were recruited by the general manager together with a psychiatric consultant at a treatment center for repeated and hard to treat individuals with sever substance abuse problems and criminal behavior. Results will convey both the power and challenges of individual perceptions on family and social bonds and utilization of health care.
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| 3. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie
(författare)
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Internationalising the Curriculum : Benefits and Challenges in a Swedish Case
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (JoTL). - : Malmö universitet. - 2004-4097. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globalisering och internationellt berikade lärandemiljöer värderas högt i högre utbildning idag. För att möta denna efterfrågan påbörjades en utvecklingsprocess att internationalisera mastersprogrammet på institutionen för kriminologi vid Malmö universitet. Internationalisering inom forskning som bedrevs på institutionens var redan etablerad och internationella utbytesavtal existerade också men utnyttjades endast på en väldigt begränsad nivå då institutionen inte hade kurser på engelska. Studenter som studerade på programmen kunde åka iväg på utbyte men inga inkommande utbytesstudenter kom in. Engelska som undervisningsspråk introducerades därför. Denna text beskriver planen, implementeringen och utvärderingen av denna utvecklingsprocess. Processen omfattar en initial omvärldsanalys, stödjande seminarier och workshops för både studenter och medarbetare samt en processutvärdering. Avslutningsvis presenteras reflektioner kring processen samt konkluderande kommentarer från programmets externa utvärdering.
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| 4. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Life in Different Male Offender Groups – Possible Underlying Effects of Intelligence and Psychopathic Tendencies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology. - : Annex Publishers, LLC. - 2348-9804. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of psychopathic tendencies and intelligence on Quality of life (QoL) ratings in different male offender groups was explored. Participants were 199 Swedish males with a history of criminality at age 11-14 and matched controls from the longitudinal project Young Lawbreakers as Adults. Based on registered crimes prior to 15 years and up to 34 years of age, four criminal groups were yielded: non-criminals (NC); adolescence-limited (AL); persistent (P); and adult-onset (AO). The QoL construct consists of the following dimensions: Self-perception, Psychological health, Family, Children, Education, Work, and Finances, all self-rated at age 38-41 when also psychopathic tendencies were clinically assessed using the Psychopathy Check List (PCL). The P group reported lower QoL in all dimensions compared to the NC and AL groups and lower QoL regarding Family and Education than the AO group. When controlling for psychopathic tendencies, the group differences in QoL regarding Self-perception and Children was no longer significant. Generally, individuals with higher IQ scores rated higher QoL than individuals with lower IQ scores. IQ however did not explain the divergence in QoL between offender groups. Psychopathic tendencies are suggested to overtake the importance of group belonging regarding the QoL dimensions of Self-perception and Children.
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| 5. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Life - Towards an understanding of individuals with psychopathic tendencies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Personality and Mental Health. - : Wiley. - 1932-8621 .- 1932-863X. ; 3:3, s. 183-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives are to explore: (1) the association between psychopathy and self-rated quality of life; and (2) the possible role of childhood hyperactivity on the relationships between Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) scores and self-rated domains of Quality of Life (QoL). Male subjects with a history of criminality at age 11-14 years (n = 108) and matched controls (n = 59) from a Swedish longitudinal project were studied. Self-rated QoL domains of psychological health, family relationships and work satisfaction were dichotomized and used as dependent variables in calculations of odds ratios (ORs) with dichotomized PCL scores as the independent variable, as assessed at age 38-41. The results showed that for each of the three QoL domains, the proportion of individuals that reported dissatisfaction was significantly higher in both criminals and controls characterized by psychopathic tendencies (PT) compared with the groups with no psychopathic tendencies. Furthermore, the results revealed higher strata-specific risk of dissatisfaction among the PT individuals for two of the domains: psychological health (OR = 6.58) and work satisfaction (OR = 7.98). Childhood hyperactivity individuals were overrepresented in the PT group. However, hyperactivity did not confound the association between PCL and QoL. The results are discussed in the light of possible treatment implications.
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| 6. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s pathways to substance use and offending : qualitative in-depth interviews
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a well-established connection between substance abuse and offending for both men and women. Further, risk factors that increase likelihood of developing substance abuse and offending are generally thoroughly researched, yet specific female risk factors are under-researched. More research on gender-specific pathways to substance abuse and offending is therefore warranted. Thus, the overall aim of the current study was to explore how Swedish women with a history of substance use and offending describe their lives in terms of what factors they consider having contributed to their life style of substance abuse and crime. First general themes identified through the subjective voices of individuals will be described; second results from in-depth analyses of the material will be discussed. The data consists of ten in-depth qualitative interviews with clients at treatment facilities for substance abuse. In the interviews, they were asked to talk freely about their lives, and their narratives were analyzed using systematic text condensation. The results suggests that 1) the women’s substance abuse is a way of coping with adverse internal and external factors, 2) the women’s relationships to their family, peers, and significant others have been central for their substance abuse and offending, and 3) substance abuse and offending are closely linked. These women’s risk fac- tors for substance abuse and offending occur on different structural levels and in different life stages as will be discussed. A comprehensive view of substance abuse and offending is therefore crucial when attempting to find generative mechanisms.
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| 7. |
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Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö
- 2019. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Malmö and its inhabitants are living in a historical era and in a changing environment – in a city that has grown with 43 percent since 1990. Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö presents a selection of current research, and the impact that crime, victimization and vulnerability have had on Malmö since the early 2000s.Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö addresses topics such as gun and explo-sive violence, arson, offender characteristics, hate crime and victimological aspects. The book also discusses the link between crime and substance abuse, presents a crime victim study of EU citizens, and invites readers to listen in on a conversation between a criminolo-gist and an active-duty police officer. Finally, a psychiatrist reflects on how society’s inte-raction with people with antisocial problems has changed over time.The book has a clear link to Malmö, but can be used to understand crime, victimization and vulnerability in other places. Readers are encouraged to reflect critically on crime, victimization and vulnerability, and on how these are portrayed both in the media and in the book itself. The hope is that this book will contribute to the discussion on Malmö’s crime, victimization and vulnerability and that it will inspire thoughts, questions and curiosity about criminology as a subject.
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| 8. |
- Freidenfelt Liljeberg, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Poor school bonding and delinquency over time : Bidirectional effects and sex differences
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 34:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between poor school bonding and delinquency has only been partly addressed in earlier research. Using a longitudinal design, the objective of our study was to investigate possible bidirectional effects and sex differences between adolescents’ experienced school bonding and self-rated delinquency over time. A total of 788 adolescents (353 boys and 435 girls) were investigated by questionnaire at age 14 and 16. Poor school attachment and commitment as well as poor teacher attachment were found to be stronger determinants of delinquency for males than for females. Delinquency predicted poor school commitment for both boys and girls, and poor school attachment for girls, thus indicating bidirectional effects over time and sex differences in some of the bidirectional effects. The study concludes that the delinquency propensity of adolescent boys may be affected by all school bonding dimensions, whereas for girls it is their relationship with their teachers that is of significance.
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| 9. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Gärningsmannen, brottet och offret
- 2019
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Ingår i: Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144126272 ; , s. 51-66
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Nineteen Victims of Homicide and Attempted Homicide in Sweden—Their Injuries, Cause of Death, and Offender Relationship
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0195-7910 .- 1533-404X. ; 38:3, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Victims of homicide and attempted homicide are not uncommon in Sweden. We therefore aimed to study these victims to understand their injuries, their cause of death, and their relationship to the offender. All cases during five years in a district court in Sweden, where an offender had been convicted for homicide or attempted homicide, were identified and the court documents reviewed. Nineteen victims were identified; 14 males and five females, with an average age of 39.1 years. Although knife/sharp weapon was the most common weapon used, the use of firearm caused more deaths. Our study shows higher rates of firearm use than many other countries. The most common anatomical site to be injured by knife/sharp weapon and firearm was the thorax followed by the head. The most common cause of death was hypovolemia, followed by intracranial injuries. The high rate of firearm use shows that firearms are common modus operandi in Sweden often causing lethal injuries, if the offender intends to kill the victim. Our results support other studies showing that it is foremost injuries to the vessels, intracranial injuries, and injuries to intrathoracic organs, which causes a victimʼs death when assaulted with knife/sharp weapon or firearm.
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