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- Karlsson, Olov, et al.
(author)
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Influence of heat transferring media on durability of thermally modified wood
- 2011
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In: BioResources. - : BioResources. - 1930-2126 .- 1930-2126. ; 6:1, s. 356-372
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies on the durability and dimensional stability of a series of hardwoods and softwoods after thermal modification in vegetable oils and in steam atmospheres have been performed. Mass loss after exposure to Coniophora puteana (BAM Ebw. 15) for 16 weeks was very low for European birch, European aspen, Norway spruce, and Scots pine thermally modified in a linseed oil product with preservative (for 1 hour at 200 degrees C). Fairly low mass losses were obtained for wood thermally modified in linseed-, tung-and rapeseed oil, and losses were related to the wood species. Low mass loss during rot test was also found for Norway spruce and Scots pine modified in saturated steam at 180 degrees C. Water absorption of pine and aspen was reduced by the thermal treatments and the extent of reduction was dependent on wood species and thermal modification method. Thermally modified aspen was stable during cycling climate tests, whereas pine showed considerable cracking when modified under superheated steam conditions (Thermo D). At lower modification temperature (180 degrees C) an increase in mass after modification in rapeseed oil of spruce, aspen and sapwood as well as heartwood of pine was observed, whereas at high temperature (240 degrees C) a mass loss could be found. Oil absorption in room tempered oil after thermal modification in oil was high for the more permeable aspen and pine (sapwood).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Organisatoriska vägval -- En studie av Försäkringskassans förändringsarbete
- 2011
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In: Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier. - 1501-8237. ; 13:4, s. 53-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish Social Insurance Agency is an important part of the Swedish welfare state. The Agency has recently made a number of major changes, such as establishing a new internal organization and reforming processes for decision making. Many of these changes have been controversial. Critics have complained that the Agency shows a lack of efficiency, has failed to make payments on time, and has been too harsh in its application of eligibility rules. The changes have put the agency at a number of crossroads, many of them recurring from earlier reforms, in dealing with problems such as regional differences in the application of rules. In this article, some of these choices are discussed. The discussion departs from four dichotomies: uniformity-local adaptation; centralization-decentralization; specialization-generalist approaches; and closeness-distance. These dichotomies are illustrated with examples from the agency. The general conclusion is that although the change process has taken a rocky road, there has been a great deal of internal consistency in the combination of measures taken.
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| 4. |
- Sehlstedt-Persson, Margot, et al.
(author)
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Mold growth on sapwood boards exposed outdoors : the impact of wood drying
- 2011
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In: Forest products journal. - : Forest Products Society. - 0015-7473. ; 61:2, s. 170-179
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mold growth on dried Norway spruce and Scots pine sapwood boards was investigated in an accelerated outdoor field test for 96 days. The boards were dried using three different methods of stacking: single stacking, double stacking with the sapwood sides in each pair facing toward each other, and double stacking with sapwood sides facing outward. Drying was performed at three temperatures: 25ºC, corresponding to air drying, and kiln drying at 70ºC and 110ºC. The degree of mold growth was visually assessed on both sides of each board. On average, pine boards showed a higher level of mold growth than the spruce boards. The highest average level of mold growth was found on the boards kiln dried at 708C, whereas the air-dried boards and the boards kiln dried at 110ºC showed considerably less mold growth. Stacking the boards during drying had a large impact on mold susceptibility of the sapwood. This study confirmed that, during the drying process, it is possible to direct the migration of nutrients in sapwood toward one chosen side of each board by double stacking; the opposite side leaches out, which has a great impact on surface mold growth. Chemical analyses of monosaccharide sugar gradients beneath the boards’ surfaces confirmed the results.
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