| 1. |
- Sarwar, Nadeem, et al.
(author)
-
Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease : a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies
- 2012
-
In: The Lancet. - New York, NY, USA : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 379:9822, s. 1205-1213
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling. Methods: In a collaborative meta-analysis, we studied Asp358Ala (rs2228145) in IL6R in relation to a panel of conventional risk factors and inflammation biomarkers in 125 222 participants. We also compared the frequency of Asp358Ala in 51 441 patients with coronary heart disease and in 136 226 controls. To gain insight into possible mechanisms, we assessed Asp358Ala in relation to localised gene expression and to postlipopolysaccharide stimulation of interleukin 6. Findings: The minor allele frequency of Asp358Ala was 39%. Asp358Ala was not associated with lipid concentrations, blood pressure, adiposity, dysglycaemia, or smoking (p value for association per minor allele >= 0.04 for each). By contrast, for every copy of 358Ala inherited, mean concentration of IL6R increased by 34.3% (95% CI 30.4-38.2) and of interleukin 6 by 14.6% (10.7-18.4), and mean concentration of C-reactive protein was reduced by 7.5% (5.9-9.1) and of fibrinogen by 1.0% (0.7-1.3). For every copy of 358Ala inherited, risk of coronary heart disease was reduced by 3.4% (1.8-5.0). Asp358Ala was not related to IL6R mRNA levels or interleukin-6 production in monocytes. Interpretation: Large-scale human genetic and biomarker data are consistent with a causal association between IL6R-related pathways and coronary heart disease.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sovik, Torgeir T., et al.
(author)
-
Gastrointestinal function and eating behavior after gastric bypass and duodenal switch
- 2013
-
In: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1550-7289 .- 1878-7533. ; 9:5, s. 641-647
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Duodenal switch provides greater weight loss than gastric bypass in severely obese patients; however, comparative data on the changes in gastrointestinal symptoms, bowel function, eating behavior, dietary intake, and psychosocial functioning are limited. Methods: The setting for the present study was 2 university hospitals in Norway and Sweden. Participants with a body mass index of 50-60 kg/m(2) were randomly assigned to gastric bypass (n = 31) or duodenal switch (n = 29) and followed up for 2 years. Of the 60 patients, 97% completed the study. Their mean weight decreased by 31.2% after gastric bypass and 44.8% after duodenal switch. At inclusion and 1 and 2 years of follow-up, the participants completed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, a bowel function questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21, a 4-day food record, and the Obesity-related Problems scale. Results: Compared with the gastric bypass group, the duodenal switch group reported more symptoms of diarrhea (P =.0002), a greater mean number of daytime defecations (P =.007), and more anal leakage of stool (50% versus 18% of participants, respectively; P =.015) after 2 years. The scores for uncontrolled and emotional eating were significantly and similarly reduced after both operations. The mean total caloric intake and intake of fat and carbohydrates were significantly reduced in both groups. Protein intake was significantly reduced only after gastric bypass (P =.008, between-group comparison). Psychosocial function was significantly improved after both operations (P =.23, between the 2 groups). Conclusion: Gastrointestinal side effects and anal leakage of stool were more pronounced after duodenal switch than after gastric bypass. Both procedures led to reduced uncontrolled and emotional eating, reduced caloric intake, and improved psychosocial functioning. (C) 2013 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.
|
|
