Impact of low-level wind maxima below hub height on wind turbine sound propagation

• An analysis of the effect of low-level wind maxima (LLWM) below hub height on sound propagating from wind turbines has been performed at a site in northern Sweden. The stably stratified boundary layer, which is typical for cold climates, commonly features LLWM. The simplified concept for the effects of refraction, based on the logarithmic wind profile or other approaches where the wind speed is continuously increasing with height, is often not applicable there. Long-term meteorological measurements in the vicinity of a wind farm were therefore used to identify LLWM. Sound measurements were conducted simultaneously to the meteorological measurements. LLWM below hub height decrease the sound level close to the surface downwind of the wind farm. This effect increases with increasing strength of the LLWM. The occurrence of LLWM as well as strength and height of the LLWM are dependent on the wind direction.

Ämnesord

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Maskinteknik -- Strömningsmekanik och akustik (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Mechanical Engineering -- Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

atmospheric acoustics

low-level wind maxima

wind energy

wind turbine sound

Architectural acoustics

Boundary layer flow

Boundary layers

Electric utilities

Wind

Wind power

Cold climate

Low-level winds

Meteorological measurements

Northern sweden

Stratified boundary layers

Wind directions

Wind profiles

Wind turbine sounds

Wind turbines

sound propagation

wind direction

wind farm

wind profile

wind turbine

wind velocity

Sweden

Meteorologi

Publikations- och innehållstyp

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