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Seasonal Evolution of the Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Distribution
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- Toppaladoddi, S. (författare)
- Univ Leeds, Leeds, England.;Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
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- Moon, W. (författare)
- Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea.
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- Wettlaufer, John (författare)
- Stockholms universitet,KTH,Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics NORDITA,Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.;Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden.,Nordiska institutet för teoretisk fysik (Nordita)
- Univ Leeds, Leeds, England;Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea. (creator_code:org_t)
- American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2023
- 2023
- Engelska.
- Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9275 .- 2169-9291. ; 128:5
- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- The Thorndike et al. (1975, ) theory of the ice thickness distribution, g(h), treats the dynamic and thermodynamic aggregate properties of the ice pack in a novel and physically self-consistent manner. Therefore, it has provided the conceptual basis of the treatment of sea-ice thickness categories in climate models. The approach, however, is not mathematically closed due to the treatment of mechanical deformation using the redistribution function ?, the authors noting "The present theory suffers from a burdensome and arbitrary redistribution function ?." Toppaladoddi and Wettlaufer (2015, ) showed how ? can be written in terms of g(h), thereby solving the mathematical closure problem and writing the theory in terms of a Fokker-Planck equation, which they solved analytically to quantitatively reproduce the observed winter g(h). Here, we extend this approach to include open water by formulating a new boundary condition for their Fokker-Planck equation, which is then coupled to the observationally consistent sea-ice growth model of Semtner (1976, ) to study the seasonal evolution of g(h). We find that as the ice thins, g(h) transitions from a single- to a double-peaked distribution, which is in agreement with observations. To understand the cause of this transition, we construct a simpler description of the system using the equivalent Langevin equation formulation and solve the resulting stochastic ordinary differential equation numerically. Finally, we solve the Fokker-Planck equation for g(h) under different climatological conditions to study the evolution of the open-water fraction.Plain Language Summary A quantitative understanding of the evolution of the thickness distribution of sea ice is necessary to accurately predict changes in the Arctic ice cover. In the original formulation of the governing equation for the thickness distribution by Thorndike et al., the treatment of the redistribution term-which represents the mechanical deformation of ice by rafting and ridging-is referred to as "arbitrar y" and "burdensome." Using an analogy with Brownian motion, we have recast the redistribution term, closed the original theory and incorporated the process of open water formation to produce seasonal predictions of the thickness distribution. Using our theory we show that a second peak in the thickness distribution emerges in summer, which is consistent with observations. Furthermore, we explore how the greenhouse gas and oceanic heat flux forcings impact the open-water fraction and mean thickness, and the relative sensitivities to these forcings.
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Geofysik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Geophysics (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- sea ice
- thickness distribution
- climate
- statistical mechanics
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- art (ämneskategori)
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