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Inflamed In Vitro R...
Inflamed In Vitro Retina : Cytotoxic Neuroinflammation and Galectin-3 Expression
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- Bauer, Patrik Maximilian (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Oftalmologi (Malmö),Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Ophthalmology (Malmö),Lund University Research Groups,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science,Lund University, Sweden
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- Zalis, Marina Castro (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Oftalmologi, Lund,Sektion IV,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund,Medicinska fakulteten,Ophthalmology, Lund,Section IV,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund,Faculty of Medicine,Lund University, Sweden
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- Abdshill, Hodan (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Oftalmologi, Lund,Sektion IV,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund,Medicinska fakulteten,Ophthalmology, Lund,Section IV,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund,Faculty of Medicine,Lund University, Sweden
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- Deierborg, Tomas (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Kansli för experimentell medicinsk vetenskap,Institutionen för experimentell medicinsk vetenskap,Medicinska fakulteten,Department Office of Experimental Medical Science,Department of Experimental Medical Science,Faculty of Medicine,Lund University, Sweden
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- Johansson, Fredrik (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science,Lund University, Sweden
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- Englund Johansson, Ulrica (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Oftalmologi, Lund,Sektion IV,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund,Medicinska fakulteten,Ophthalmology, Lund,Section IV,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund,Faculty of Medicine,Lund University, Sweden
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2016-09-09
- 2016
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:9
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Background Disease progression in retinal neurodegeneration is strongly correlated to immune cell activation, which may have either a neuroprotective or neurotoxic effect. Increased knowledge about the immune response profile and retinal neurodegeneration may lead to candidate targets for treatments. Therefore, we have used the explanted retina as a model to explore the immune response and expression of the immune modulator galectin-3 (Gal-3), induced by the cultivation per se and after additional immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and how this correlates with retinal neurotoxicity. Methods Post-natal mouse retinas were cultured in a defined medium. One group was stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml, 24 h). Retinal architecture, apoptotic cell death, and micro- and macroglial activity were studied at the time of cultivation (0 days in vitro (DIV)) and at 3, 4 and 7 DIV using morphological staining, biochemical- and immunohistochemical techniques. Results Our results show that sustained activation of macro- and microglia, characterized by no detectable cytokine release and limited expression of Gal-3, is not furtherinducing apoptosis additional to the axotomy-induced apoptosis in innermost nuclear layer. An elevated immune response was detected after LPS stimulation, as demonstrated primarily by release of immune mediators (i.e. interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, KC/GRO (also known as CLCX1) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), increased numbers of microglia displaying morphologies of late activation stages as well as Gal-3 expression. This was accompanied with increased apoptosis in the two additional nuclear layers, and damage to retinal gross architecture. Conclusion We demonstrate that an immune response characterized by sustained and increased release of cytokines, along with an increase in Gal-3 expression, is accompanied by significant increased neurotoxicity in the explanted retina. Further investigations using the current setting may lead to increased understanding on the mechanisms involved in neuronal loss in retinal neurodegenerations. © 2016 Bauer et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Ämnesord
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Oftalmologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Ophthalmology (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Immunologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Immunology in the medical area (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- Biomedical Sciences
- Biomedicinsk vetenskap
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- ref (ämneskategori)
- art (ämneskategori)
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