Data-driven trajectory prediction of grid power frequency based on neural models

• Frequency in power systems is a real-time information that shows the balance between generation and demand. Good system frequency observation is vital for system security and pro-tection. This paper analyses the system frequency response following disturbances and proposes a data-driven approach for predicting it by using machine learning techniques like Nonlinear Autoregressive (NAR) Neural Networks (NN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks from simulated and measured Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data. The proposed method uses a horizon-window that reconstructs the frequency input time-series data in order to predict the frequency features such as Nadir. Simulated scenarios are based on the gradual inertia reduction by including non-synchronous generation into the Nordic 32 test system, whereas the PMU collected data is taken from different locations in the Nordic Power System (NPS). Several horizon-windows are experimented in order to observe an adequate margin of prediction. Scenarios considering noisy signals are also evaluated in order to provide a robustness index of predictability. Results show the proper performance of the method and the adequate level of prediction based on the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) index. © 2021 by the authors.

Nyckelord

Deep learning

Frequency response

Low-inertia power systems

Machine learning

Nadir estimation

Non-synchronous generation

Primary frequency control

Wind power

Publikations- och innehållstyp

ref (ämneskategori)

art (ämneskategori)