• The effects of long-term (I I yr) exclusion of vertebrate herbivores on competition intensity and plant community structure ere studied using manipulative field experiment,; in two arctic-alpine plant communities with contrasting productivity : an unproductive snowbed and a considerably more productive tall herb meadow. In the snowbed. the exclusion of herbivorous mammals resulted in a significant increase in the biomasses of vascular plants and cryptogams, whereas no corresponding response Lis observed on the tall herb meadow. The intensity of competition. measured with a neighbour removal experiment, did not differ significantly between three of the four habitat x treatment combinations - snowbed exposures. meadow exclosures and open meadow plots but as significantly loader on open snowbed plots, Our results thud, suggest that the low competition intensity in the unproductive snow bed is caused by herbivorous mammals, which tend to depress plant biomass in relatively unproductive habitats When herbivorous mammals have been excluded for a sufficiently long time to allots the build-up of plant biomass even in Unproductive habitat,. between-habitat differences in competition intensity disappear.

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