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A review of HVAC so...
A review of HVAC solution-sets and energy performace of nearly zero-energy multi-story apartment buildings in Nordic climates by statistical analysis of environmental performance certificates and literature review
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- Gibbons, Laurence (författare)
- Lund University
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- Javed, Saqib (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Avdelningen för Installations- och klimatiseringslära,Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknologi,Institutioner vid LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,Division of Building Services,Department of Building and Environmental Technology,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier BV, 2022
- 2022
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 238
- Relaterad länk:
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http://dx.doi.org/10... (free)
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Multi-story apartment buildings, also known as multi-family or multi-unit residential buildings, represent the largest share of newly constructed, residential floor area in Norway, Sweden and Finland. Since the start of 2021, these buildings are required to be nearly-zero-energy under the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. However, there has been limited research into defining solution-sets to achieve these requirements. This study utilises the detailed databases of Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) of the three countries to analyse solutions used in low-energy buildings built in the last 20 years. This was supplemented by exemplar projects and literature presenting novel solutions. Resulting low-energy solution-sets involved district heating or heat pumps (primarily ground source) to provide hydronic heating and domestic hot water. A secondary source (often direct electric) was commonly used to cover peak load. The dominant ventilation strategy was balanced ventilation with high efficiency heat recovery. An alternative, found in a minority of Swedish projects, was an exhaust air system integrating a heat pump. A single optimum solution-set could not be defined due to differences between regulations and climates. The different primary energy factors used in each country had a significant effect on the preferred solution. Further study is required to determine if these factors affect a country's entire building stock or just the EPC grade a building achieves, skewing the statistical results.
Ämnesord
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Samhällsbyggnadsteknik -- Husbyggnad (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Civil Engineering -- Building Technologies (hsv//eng)
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Naturresursteknik -- Energisystem (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Environmental Engineering -- Energy Systems (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- District heating
- Domestic hot water
- Finland
- Heat pump
- Hydronic distribution
- Norway
- Sweden
- Ventilation
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- ref (ämneskategori)
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