Contaminations of soil and two capsicum annuum generations irrigated by reused urban wastewater treated by different reed beds

Background: In order to save potable water, this study aims to evaluate the contamination of soil and Capsicum annuum L. (chilli) watered with urban wastewater (sewage) pre-treated by various wetland systems. Methods: The appropriateness of wetland outflow for irrigation when applying reused wastewater with high contamination of minerals and pathogens was assessed. The impact of wastewaters pre-treated by various wetlands on soil and harvest was tested in terms of mineral and biological contamination risk. Results: The wetlands met the standards for irrigation water for most water quality variables. However, the thresholds for key water quality parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) exceeded. The highest values for total coliforms, ammonium-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 157,072 CFU/100 mL, 8.5 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L, and 7.0 mg/L, respectively. The harvest was moderately polluted only by zinc according to vegetable quality standards (threshold of 50 mg/kg). Zinc concentrations for Filters 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 were 35.8, 60.6, 65.1, 65.5 and 53.2 mg/kg, respectively. No bacterial contamination was detected. Conclusions: Treatment of domestic wastewater applying constructed wetlands and subsequent recycling of the treated wastewater for irrigation of crops is a good substitute to the traditional application of drinking water for irrigation purposes.

Abed, Suhail N.University of Salford (författare)
Scholz, MiklasLund University,Lunds universitet,Avdelningen för Teknisk vattenresurslära,Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknologi,Institutioner vid LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,Division of Water Resources Engineering,Department of Building and Environmental Technology,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,University of Johannesburg,University of Salford(Swepub:lu)mi6686sc (författare)
University of SalfordUniversity of Basrah (creator_code:org_t)

Ingår i:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: MDPI AG15:81661-78271660-4601

Av författaren/redakt...: Almuktar, Suhad ...; Abed, Suhail N.; Scholz, Miklas

Om ämnet

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER: TEKNIK OCH TEKNO ...; och Naturresurstekni ...; och Miljöledning

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER: TEKNIK OCH TEKNO ...; och Samhällsbyggnads ...; och Vattenteknik

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