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Evidence for Faster...
Evidence for Faster X Chromosome Evolution in Spiders
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- Bechsgaard, Jesper (författare)
- Aarhus University
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- Schou, Mads Fristrup (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,MEMEG,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science,Aarhus University
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- Vanthournout, Bram (författare)
- Aarhus University,Ghent University
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- Hendrickx, Frederik (författare)
- Ghent University,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
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- Knudsen, Bjarne (författare)
- QIAGEN
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- Settepani, Virginia (författare)
- Aarhus University
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- Schierup, Mikkel Heide (författare)
- Aarhus University
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- Bilde, Trine (författare)
- Aarhus University
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2019-03-26
- 2019
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 36:6, s. 1281-1293
- Relaterad länk:
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http://dx.doi.org/10... (free)
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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https://lup.lub.lu.s...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
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- In species with chromosomal sex determination, X chromosomes are predicted to evolve faster than autosomes because of positive selection on recessive alleles or weak purifying selection. We investigated X chromosome evolution in Stegodyphus spiders that differ in mating system, sex ratio, and population dynamics. We assigned scaffolds to X chromosomes and autosomes using a novel method based on flow cytometry of sperm cells and reduced representation sequencing. We estimated coding substitution patterns (dN/dS) in a subsocial outcrossing species (S. africanus) and its social inbreeding and female-biased sister species (S. mimosarum), and found evidence for faster-X evolution in both species. X chromosome-to-autosome diversity (piX/piA) ratios were estimated in multiple populations. The average piX/piA estimates of S. africanus (0.57 [95% CI: 0.55–0.60]) was lower than the neutral expectation of 0.75, consistent with more hitchhiking events on X-linked loci and/or a lower X chromosome mutation rate, and we provide evidence in support of both. The social species S. mimosarum has a significantly higher piX/piA ratio (0.72 [95% CI: 0.65–0.79]) in agreement with its female-biased sex ratio. Stegodyphus mimosarum also have different piX/piA estimates among populations, which we interpret as evidence for recurrent founder events. Simulations show that recurrent founder events are expected to decrease the piX/piA estimates in S. mimosarum, thus underestimating the true effect of female-biased sex ratios. Finally, we found lower synonymous divergence on X chromosomes in both species, and the male-to-female substitution ratio to be higher than 1, indicating a higher mutation rate in males.
- In species with chromosomal sex determination, X chromosomes are predicted to evolve faster than autosomes becauseof positive selection on recessive alleles or weak purifying selection. We investigated X chromosome evolution inStegodyphus spiders that differ in mating system, sex ratio, and population dynamics. We assigned scaffolds to Xchromosomes and autosomes using a novel method based on flow cytometry of sperm cells and reduced representationsequencing. We estimated coding substitution patterns (dN/dS) in a subsocial outcrossing species (S. africanus) and itssocial inbreeding and female-biased sister species (S. mimosarum), and found evidence for faster-X evolution in bothspecies. X chromosome-to-autosome diversity (piX/piA) ratios were estimated in multiple populations. The average piX/piA estimates of S. africanus (0.57 [95% CI: 0.55–0.60]) was lower than the neutral expectation of 0.75, consistent withmore hitchhiking events on X-linked loci and/or a lower X chromosome mutation rate, and we provide evidence insupport of both. The social species S. mimosarum has a significantly higher piX/piA ratio (0.72 [95% CI: 0.65–0.79]) inagreement with its female-biased sex ratio. Stegodyphus mimosarum also have different piX/piA estimates amongpopulations, which we interpret as evidence for recurrent founder events. Simulations show that recurrent founderevents are expected to decrease the piX/piA estimates in S. mimosarum, thus underestimating the true effect of femalebiasedsex ratios. Finally, we found lower synonymous divergence on X chromosomes in both species, and the male-tofemalesubstitution ratio to be higher than 1, indicating a higher mutation rate in males.
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Evolutionsbiologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Evolutionary Biology (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- faster-x,female bias,sex chromosome,social spider
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- art (ämneskategori)
- ref (ämneskategori)
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