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Governing processes...
Governing processes for reactive nitrogen compounds in the European atmosphere
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- Hertel, O. (författare)
- Roskilde Universitet (RUC),Roskilde University (RUC),Århus Universitet,Aarhus University
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- Skjoth, Carsten (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Institutionen för naturgeografi och ekosystemvetenskap,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science,Faculty of Science,Århus Universitet,Aarhus University
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- Reis, S. (författare)
- UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
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- Bleeker, A. (författare)
- Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (ECN),Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
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- Harrison, Robert (författare)
- King Abdulaziz University,University of Birmingham
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- Cape, J. N. (författare)
- UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
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- Fowler, D. (författare)
- UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
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- Skiba, Ute M. (författare)
- UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
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- Simpson, David, 1961 (författare)
- Meteorologisk institutt,Norwegian Meteorological Institute,Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Jickells, T. (författare)
- University of East Anglia
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- Kulmala, M. (författare)
- Helsingin Yliopisto,University of Helsinki
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- Gyldenkärne, S. (författare)
- Århus Universitet,Aarhus University
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- Sörensen, L. L. (författare)
- Århus Universitet,Aarhus University
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- Erisman, J. W. (författare)
- Universiteit Van Amsterdam,University of Amsterdam
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- Sutton, Mark (författare)
- UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2012-12-04
- 2012
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 9:12, s. 4921-4954
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https://research.cha... (primary) (free)
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https://www.biogeosc...
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http://dx.doi.org/10... (free)
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https://doi.org/10.5...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Reactive nitrogen (Nr) compounds have different fates in the atmosphere due to differences in the governing processes of physical transport, deposition and chemical transformation. N r compounds addressed here include reduced nitrogen (NH x : ammonia (NH 3 ) and its reaction product ammonium (NH 4 + )), oxidized nitrogen (NO y : nitrogen monoxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and their reaction products) as well as organic nitrogen compounds (organic N). Pollution abatement strategies need to take into account the differences in the governing processes of these compounds when assessing their impact on ecosystem services, biodiversity, human health and climate. NO x (NO + NO 2 ) emitted from traffic affects human health in urban areas where the presence of buildings increases the residence time in streets. In urban areas this leads to enhanced exposure of the population to NO x concentrations. NO x emissions generally have little impact on nearby ecosystems because of the small dry deposition rates of NO x . These compounds need to be converted into nitric acid (HNO 3 ) before removal through deposition is efficient. HNO 3 sticks quickly to any surface and is thereby either dry deposited or incorporated into aerosols as nitrate (NO 3 + ). In contrast to NOx compounds, NH 3 has potentially high impacts on ecosystems near the main agricultural sources of NH 3 because of its large ground-level concentrations along with large dry deposition rates. Aerosol phase NH 4 + and NO 3 + contribute significantly to background PM 2.5 and PM 10 (mass of aerosols with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 and 10 μm, respectively) with an impact on radiation balance as well as potentially on human health. Little is known quantitatively and qualitatively about organic N in the atmosphere, other than that it contributes a significant fraction of wet-deposited N, and is present in both gaseous and particulate forms. Further studies are needed to characterise the sources, air chemistry and removal rates of organic N emissions.
Ämnesord
- LANTBRUKSVETENSKAPER -- Annan lantbruksvetenskap -- Miljö- och naturvårdsvetenskap (hsv//swe)
- AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES -- Other Agricultural Sciences -- Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)
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Hertel, O.
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Skjoth, Carsten
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Reis, S.
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Bleeker, A.
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Harrison, Robert
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Cape, J. N.
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Fowler, D.
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Skiba, Ute M.
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Simpson, David, ...
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Jickells, T.
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Kulmala, M.
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Gyldenkärne, S.
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Sörensen, L. L.
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Erisman, J. W.
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Sutton, Mark
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