| 1. |
- Bukh, Jette
(författare)
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The village woman in Ghana
- 1979
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The difficult position of women in Ghanian society lies both in structures that are manifested through the policy of the state, and in factors that are specific for this society, having their origin in this traditional structure. The relinquishment by the peasants of control over their immediate situation has led to the loss of traditional techniques and distortion of social relations. Money rather than labour claims has become the medium of social interchange.A case study conducted in a village in Ghana is used to illustrate the position of women in a patriarchial society subjected to pressures from various directions. Changes in the traditional agriculture caused by the introduction of cocoa resulted in greater pressure on land used for food production. Together with overcopping and the destruction of forests by charcoal-burners, there has been a general impoverishment of land resources and a reduction of the nutritional value of the crops grown.In 1972 the role of women as food producers began to be recognised and the role of female extension officers has become more important. The disadvantageous position of women in agriculture and in coping with the exigencies of social life is emphasised. The analysis shows how a new type of woman-headed household has emerged. In relation to the male-head the womanhead is always in an inferior situation since she has to cope with subsistence responsibilities at the same time as her access to resources is poorer.
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| 2. |
- Østergaard, Tom
(författare)
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SADCC beyond transportation : the challenge of industrial cooperation
- 1989
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to move to an offensive to combat underdevelopment, SADC has recognized the need to move into intra-regional trade and industrialization. This study is a rich analysis of the obstacles which have to be overcome, and the minimum of changes that the SADC countries must agree on to achieve balanced and coordinated development.
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| 3. |
- Bager, Torben
(författare)
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Marketing cooperatives and peasants in Kenya
- 1980
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kenya has a fairly developed cooperative movement, the backbone of which is agricultural marketing cooperatives. Studies of the cooperative movement in Kenya, however, are still exceptional, particularly studies which highlight the impact of marketing cooperatives on the socio-economic relations of the peasantry and vice versa. Some have seen the marketing cooperatives in Kenya as instruments in the hands of a rural elite, which is linked firmly to the political elite and the bureaucrats. Others have emphasized their parastatal character. Very few have ended up with positive conclusions saying that they are instruments in the hands of the peasantry, which further the interests of the peasantry. This study also reveals numerous shortcomings of the marketing cooperatives, based on an in-depth study of a selected peasant society. They still suffer from organizational rigidity, low educational standards, and indifference on the part of most peasants. But on the other hand the development trend during the last decade has been positive, and the marketing cooperatives have not led to increasing social differentiation in the selected study area. On the contrary the marketing cooperatives rather seem to have preserved the existing egalitarian social structure, and reversely the egalitarian social structure seems to provide a fruitful basis for the development of marketing cooperatives.
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| 4. |
- Boesen, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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The "success story" of peasant tobacco production in Tanzania : the political economy of a commodity producing peasantry
- 1979
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book studies how Tanzania in a period of 25-30 years became a tobacco producer and exporter. But its emphasis is on production, and therefore on the producers. It analyses the processes that made Tanzanians into peasant producers of tobacco for the international market. The dynamics of the organization of production under changing conditions of production. The effects on the development of productive forces, reproduction processes and the standard of living among the producers.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Raikes, Philip L.
(författare)
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Livestock development and policy in East Africa
- 1981
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Livestock production is an important economic activity in East Africa; especially for people living in areas where climate makes crop production risky or unviable. The vast majority of all livestock production comes from the herds and flocks of peasants and pastoralists and while only a small proportion of this reaches officialy recognized markets, that part which does considerably outweighs the production of large-scale ranches and farms. This book starts with an analysis of different aspects of livestock production in Kenya and Tanzania and continues with an historical account of the development of important sub-sectors and the relation to state policy. Its purpose, apart from collecting and presenting information about livestock production, is to question some very dubious assumptions which form part of the basis of official thinking. Beyond that, its purpose is justified to broaden discussion about the whole area of livestock policy by introducing problems and processes not commonly considered by policy-makers.
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