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- Golebiowska, Izabela, et al.
(author)
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Breaking the Eyes: How Do Users Get Started with a Coordinated and Multiple View Geovisualization Tool?
- 2020
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In: Cartographic Journal. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0008-7041 .- 1743-2774. ; 57:3, s. 235-248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Maps are frequently combined with data displays in the form of coordinated and multiple views (CMV). Although CMV are valuable geovisualization tools, novice users may find them complex and thus require explanation. However, no tutorial guidelines have been developed that indicate what is helpful in understanding CMV geovisualization tools. We therefore conducted a study on the learnability of a CMV tool, informed with eye-tracking data, talk-aloud and interaction logs. We have investigated how untrained users work with a CMV geovisualization tool. The study revealed that: (1) despite their initial confusion, users found the tested tool pleasant to play with while getting to grips with how dynamic brushing works, (2) when examining the tools interface, participants mainly looked freely at explanatory elements, such as labels and the legend, but they explored interactive techniques only to a limited degree. We conclude with tips about tutorial design and layout design for CMV tools.
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| 2. |
- Harrie, Lars
(author)
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Weight-setting and quality assessment in simultaneous graphic generalization
- 2003
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In: Cartographic Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0008-7041 .- 1743-2774. ; 40:3, s. 221-233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cartographic generalization aims at simplifying the representation of data to suit the scale and purpose of the map. This paper deals with a method that implements the whole graphic generalization process (roughly defined as the operators simplification, smoothing, exaggeration and displacement) called simultaneous graphic generalization. This method is based on constraints, i.e. requirements that should be fulfilled in the generalization process. The constraints strive to make the map readable while preserving the characteristics of the data, which implies that all constraints cannot be completely satisfied. This study was concentrated on finding the optimal compromise between the constraints in simultaneous graphic generalization by setting weights for the constraints. Four strategies for determining the weights are described and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The discussion is based on the following assumptions: the constraints are independent, and the weights are only dependent on constraint type and object type. A comparison of the strategies reveals that the strategy constraint violation is the most promising. One advantage with this strategy is that it is related to the quality requirements of the map, and another advantage is that it provides a numerical measure for quality assessment. The paper concludes with a case study of the constraint violation strategy, in which visualization of the numerical quality measure is used. The case study shows that the constraint violation strategy gives a sound compromise between the constraints.
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| 7. |
- Kiik, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Cartographic Design Matters : A Comparison of Thematic Polygon Design
- 2017
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In: Cartographic Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0008-7041 .- 1743-2774. ; 54:1, s. 24-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The number of web services providing cartographic data is increasing. A main challenge is to enable a user to combine these services, not only from a technical perspective, but also from a cartographic one. One common use case for these services is to create mashups based on thematic polygons on top of background maps. In this study we compare four cartographic designs of thematic polygons: only boundaries, transparencies, hatches and icons. The aim of the comparison is to investigate whether the designs are good for identifying the extent of the polygons and if the design disturbs the reading of the background map. The comparison is based on an eye-tracking study, where 24 participants performed polygon identification tasks as well as background search tasks. The study revealed that hatches were more efficient than the other designs for polygon identification. Hatches had significantly shorter total fixation times as well as scanpath lengths, possibly since the participants were able to identify the extent of the polygon solely based on the interior (i.e. the hatches), while for the other designs the participants were extensively reliant on the boundaries. However, the results also indicate that the hatches design disturbs the reading of the background map more than the other designs; hatches also appear visually unpleasant for many users. Since each design had its strengths and weaknesses, we recommend producers of services for thematic data to provide several designs so users can select an appropriate design for their own use cases.
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| 8. |
- Pappenberger, Florian, et al.
(author)
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Cartograms for Use in Forecasting Weather-Driven Natural Hazards
- 2019
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In: Cartographic Journal. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0008-7041 .- 1743-2774. ; 56:2, s. 134-145
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper evaluates the potential of using cartograms for visualizing and interpreting forecasts of weather-driven natural hazards in the context of global weather forecasting and early warning systems. The use of cartograms is intended to supplement traditional cartographic representations of the hazards in order to highlight the severity of an upcoming event. Cartogrammetric transformations are applied to forecasts of floods, heatwaves, windstorms and snowstorms taken from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast archive. Key cartogram design principles in standard weather forecast visualization are tested. Optimal cartogram transformation is found to be dependent on geographical features (such as coastlines) and forecast features (such as snowstorm intensity). For highly spatially autocorrelated weather variables used in analysing several upcoming natural hazards such as 2m temperature anomaly, the visualization of the distortion provides a promising addition to standard forecast visualizations for highlighting upcoming weather-driven natural hazards.
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| 9. |
- Petrulevich, Alexandra, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Medieval Macrospace Through GIS : The Norse World Project Approach
- 2020
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In: Cartographic Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0008-7041 .- 1743-2774. ; 57:1, s. 18-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The project ‘The Norse Perception of the World’ is building a digital infrastructure to facilitate interdisciplinary research on medieval worldviews as recorded in East Norse texts. It does so by collecting spatial material, i.e. attestations of place names and other location-based data from medieval vernacular manuscripts, early prints, and runic inscriptions from fictional, non-biblical, and scientific texts dated to before 1530, and providing free access to these spatial references through a tailored back-end MySQL database and an interactive end-user interface with mapping via Leaflet and Leaflet.markercluster. This paper discusses how geocoding can be problematic when applied to pre-modern materials, as the concept of space is a temporal and social variable, especially when dealing with ideas about places abroad. The geospatial visualization employed by the project has no ambition to represent a historically correct worldview as understood by medieval Scandinavians. Rather, it is an anachronistic tool for managing and obtaining an overview of the spatial references in East Norse texts.
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| 10. |
- Seffers, Gaëlle, et al.
(author)
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Assessing Damage – Can the Crowd Interpret Colour and 3D Information?
- 2021
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In: Cartographic Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0008-7041 .- 1743-2774. ; 58:1, s. 69-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to investigate how efficiently and effectively collapsed buildings ? due to the occurrence of a disaster ? can be localized by a general crowd. Two types of visualization parameters are evaluated in an online user study: (1) greyscale images (indicating height information) versus true colours; (2) variation in the vertical viewing angle (0°, 30° and 60°). Additionally, the influence of map use expertise on how the visualizations are interpreted, is investigated. The results indicate that the use of the greyscale image helps to locate collapsed buildings in an efficient and effective manner. The use of the viewing angle of 60° is the least appropriate. A person with a map use expertise will prefer the greyscale image over the colour image. To confirm the benefits of the use of three-dimensional visualizations and the use of the colour image, more research is needed.
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