| 1. |
- Bayram Özdemir, Sevgi, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Bystanders of Ethnic Victimization : Do Classroom Context and Teachers’ Approach Matter for How Adolescents Intend to Act?
- 2022
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In: Child Development. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 93:5, s. 1540-1558
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study examined how adolescents' individual characteristics and class context are related to bystander behaviors in cases of ethnic victimization. The sample included 1065 adolescents in Sweden (M-age = 13.12, SD = 0.42; 55%males). Female adolescents, adolescents of immigrant background, and adolescents with positive attitudes toward immigrants had greater intentions to defend and comfort victimized peers. Positive inter-ethnic contact norms in class were positively associated with intention to comfort the victim. Teachers' non-tolerance of ethnic victimization was positively related to adolescents' intentions to ask the perpetrator to stop and talk to teacher. The effects were the same across adolescents with different attitudes toward immigrants. Findings highlight the importance of class context and teachers in fostering adolescents' prosocial and assertive interventions in bias-based hostile behaviors.
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| 2. |
- Bayram Özdemir, Sevgi, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Ethnic Harassment and Immigrant Youth's Engagement in Violent Behaviors : Understanding the Risk Factors
- 2019
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In: Child Development. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 90:3, s. 808-824
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study aimed to examine whether ethnic harassment was related to violent behaviors among immigrant youth over time and to identify the risk factors. The sample comprised immigrant adolescents living in Sweden (N = 365; Mage = 13.93, SD = 0.80). Results showed that the more youth were ethnically harassed, the more they engaged in violent acts over time. A separated identity significantly moderated the effect of ethnic harassment on youth's engagement in violent behaviors. Specifically, ethnic harassment positively predicted engagement in violent behaviors only at high levels of separated identity. Impulsivity and school ethnic composition did not act as moderators. The findings suggest that preventing violent behaviors among immigrant youth requires a focus on promoting positive interethnic relationships, and multicultural identity among immigrant youth.
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| 3. |
- Bellucci, J. J., et al.
(author)
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Insights into the chemical diversity of the martian mantle from the Pb isotope systematics of shergottite Northwest Africa 8159
- 2020
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In: Chemical Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2541 .- 1872-6836. ; 545
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shergottite Northwest Africa (NWA) 8159 is a basaltic rock derived from a mantle source with chemical characteristics that are unique in the martian meteorite suite. To further investigate this source reservoir, the Pb isotope compositions of plagioclase/maskelynite, pyroxene, phosphates, and shock melt-glass in NWA 8159 have been measured in situ by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Due to the limited spread in Pb isotope data, these Pb isotope compositions have been used to calculate an imprecise PbPb isochron age of 3.4 ± 2.1 Ga (2σ), which is broadly consistent with the crystallization age of 2.37 ± 0.25 Ga determined previously by 147Sm143Nd. The lack of radiogenic in-growth within individual minerals since 2.4 Ga means that this sample is depleted in U, which is in agreement with NWA 8159's positive initial ε143Nd. An initial Pb composition was calculated using an x-y weighted average of the least radiogenic Pb isotope population measured in the sample. This initial Pb composition is not consistent with the model for Pb growth in the shergottite mantle at 2.4 Ga. This composition is, however, consistent with the model for the Nakhla-Chassigny mantle. Using the latter model, a source μ (238U/204Pb) of 2.6 ± 0.6 has been calculated. This μ-value is in contrast with the other depleted shergottites (1.4-1.5) and falls significantly off the array of source ε143Nd vs. μ defined by the rest of the martian meteorite suite and thus, necessitates a differentiation history distinct from the other martian meteorites. Sequestering Pb in sulphides during differentiation is the only mechanism to fractionate U from Pb and create a low-μ reservoir. Consequently, the relatively high μ-value of the source of NWA 8159 is in contrast with the positive initial ε143Nd and indicates that its mantle source region likely lacked significant sulphur. This is consistent with the lack of sulphides in the sample itself and could have played a role in its complicated oxidation history.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bertenthal, B., et al.
(author)
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Differential Contributions of Development and Learning to Infants’ Knowledge of Object Continuity and Discontinuity
- 2013
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In: Child Development. - : Wiley. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 84:2, s. 413-421
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sixty infants divided evenly between 5 and 7months of age were tested for their knowledge of object continuity versus discontinuity with a predictive tracking task. The stimulus event consisted of a moving ball that was briefly occluded for 20 trials. Both age groups predictively tracked the ball when it disappeared and reappeared via occlusion, but not when it disappeared and reappeared via implosion. Infants displayed high levels of predictive tracking from the first trial in the occlusion condition, and showed significant improvement across trials in the implosion condition. These results suggest that infants possess embodied knowledge to support differential tracking of continuously and discontinuously moving objects, but this tracking can be modified by visual experience.
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| 6. |
- Bertenthal, B., et al.
(author)
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Infants´ knowledge of object continuity and discontinuity
- 2013
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In: Child Development. - : Wiley. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 84:2, s. 413-421
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sixty infants divided evenly between 5 and 7 months of age were tested for their knowledge of object continuity versus discontinuity with a predictive tracking task. The stimulus event consisted of a moving ball that was briefly occluded for 20 trials. Both age groups predictively tracked the ball when it disappeared and reappeared via occlusion, but not when it disappeared and reappeared via implosion. Infants displayed high levels of predictive tracking from the first trial in the occlusion condition, and showed significant improvement across trials in the implosion condition. These results suggest that infants possess embodied knowledge to support differential tracking of continuously and discontinuously moving objects, but this tracking can be modified by visual experience.
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| 7. |
- Bezdjian, Serena, et al.
(author)
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The genetic and environmental covariation among psychopathic personality traits, and reactive and proactive aggression in childhood
- 2011
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In: Child Development. - : Wiley. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 82:4, s. 1267-1281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigated the genetic and environmental covariance between psychopathic personality traits with reactive and proactive aggression in 9- to 10-year-old twins (N=1,219). Psychopathic personality traits were assessed with the Child Psychopathy Scale (D. R. Lynam, 1997), while aggressive behaviors were assessed using the Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (A. Raine et al., 2006). Significant common genetic influences were found to be shared by psychopathic personality traits and aggressive behaviors using both caregiver (mainly mother) and child self-reports. Significant genetic and nonshared environmental influences specific to psychopathic personality traits and reactive and proactive aggression were also found, suggesting etiological independence among these phenotypes. Additionally, the genetic relation between psychopathic personality traits and aggression was significantly stronger for proactive than reactive aggression when using child self-reports.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Burnett Heyes, Stephanie, et al.
(author)
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Relationship Reciprocation Modulates Resource Allocation in Adolescent Social Networks : Developmental Effects
- 2015
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In: Child Development. - : WILEY. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 86:5, s. 1489-1506
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adolescence is characterized as a period of social reorientation toward peer relationships, entailing the emergence of sophisticated social abilities. Two studies (Study 1: N=42, ages 13-17; Study 2: N=81, ages 13-16) investigated age group differences in the impact of relationship reciprocation within school-based social networks on an experimental measure of cooperation behavior. Results suggest development between mid- and late adolescence in the extent to which reciprocation of social ties predicted resource allocation. With increasing age group, investment decisions increasingly reflected the degree to which peers reciprocated feelings of friendship. This result may reflect social-cognitive development, which could facilitate the ability to navigate an increasingly complex social world in adolescence and promote positive and enduring relationships into adulthood.
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| 10. |
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