| 1. |
- Cederfjäll, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Alcohol Consumption among Middle-Aged Women: A Population-Based Study of Swedish Women. The Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILA) Study.
- 2004
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In: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 10:1, s. 15-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From a total population of 10,766 Swedish 50- to 59-year-old women, 6,917 (64.2%) participated in the Women’s Health in Lund Area (WHILA) study, and among them 6,623 (95.7%) answered the questions on alcohol consumption. One out of 4 women (26.0%) consumed no alcohol in an ordinary week (non-drinkers), 57.4% consumed not more than 83 g alcohol, 12.5% consumed 84–167 g and 4.2% consumed 168 g or more. The weekly drinkers had a median consumption of 40.0 g alcohol (range 2.5–1,036.0) and the main sort of alcohol was wine. Comparing the four drinking groups, most differences occurred between the non-drinking and the weekly drinking women. The non-drinkers had lower socio-demographic status, poorer health and more symptoms, especially physical symptoms. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, most associations between non-drinking and lower socio-demographic status remained.
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| 2. |
- Grasselli, Robert K., et al.
(author)
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Active centers, catalytic behavior, symbiosis and redox properties of MoV(Nb,Ta)TeO ammoxidation catalysts
- 2006
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In: Topics in Catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-9028 .- 1022-5528. ; 38:1-3, s. 7-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Selective as well as waste forming active centers were defined for MoVNbTeO and MoVTaTeO catalysts in the ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile and all catalytic functionalities were assigned to specific elements at the respective active centers. Symbiosis between M1 and M2 phases of these catalysts was observed, with phase cooperation being more extensive in the Nb than Ta containing compositions. The difference in catalytic effectiveness arises most likely because contact and surface area exposure of the two respective, cooperating phase pairs are not equal. The M1 phase of the catalysts is reducible by propane and ammonia in the absence of dioxygen and is regenerable to its original, fully oxidized state by dioxygen (air). No structural collapse is observed even after 120 C3H8 + NH3 reduction pulses. The so induced reduction of the catalyst extends up to 70 layers deep. The product distribution over the first few pulses is very similar to that under catalytic conditions, supporting the concept that lattice oxygen is involved in the catalytic ammoxidation process. Therefore, the ammoxidation of paraffins is a redox process, as is of course the well-known olefin ammoxidation process.
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| 3. |
- Magnusdottir, O. K., et al.
(author)
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Plasma alkylresorcinols C17:0/C21:0 ratio, a biomarker of relative whole-grain rye intake, is associated to insulin sensitivity : a randomized study
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 68:4, s. 453-458
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Few studies have used biomarkers of whole-grain intake to study its relation to glucose metabolism. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma alkylresorcinols (AR), a biomarker of whole-grain rye and wheat intake, and glucose metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants were 30-65 years of age, with body mass index 27-40 kg/m(2) and had MetS without diabetes. Individuals were recruited through six centers in the Nordic countries and randomized to a healthy Nordic diet (ND, n=96), rich in whole-grain rye and wheat, or a control diet (n=70), for 18-24 weeks. In addition, associations between total plasma AR concentration and C17:0/C21:0 homolog ratio as an indication of the relative whole-grain rye intake, and glucose metabolism measures from oral glucose tolerance tests were investigated in pooled (ND + control) regression analyses at 18/24 weeks. RESULTS: ND did not improve glucose metabolism compared with control diet, but the AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio was inversely associated with fasting insulin concentrations (P=0.002) and positively associated with the insulin sensitivity indices Matsuda ISI (P=0.026) and disposition index (P=0.022) in pooled analyses at 18/24 weeks, even after adjustment for confounders. The AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio was not significantly associated with insulin secretion indices. Total plasma AR concentration was not related to fasting plasma glucose or fasting insulin at 18/24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio, an indicator of relative whole-grain rye intake, is associated with increased insulin sensitivity in a population with MetS.
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| 5. |
- Ottesen, Vegar, et al.
(author)
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Mixing of cellulose nanofibrils and individual furnish components : Effects on paper properties and structure
- 2016
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In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 31:3, s. 441-447
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) handsheets with different fractions of cellulose nano fibrils (CNF) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) were made. CNF and retention chemicals were added in three different ways; to GCC, to long fibre fraction (LFF) or to complete furnish. The different addition strategies affected dewatering time, tensile strength and permeability, however opacity was not affected. Depending on filler and CNF levels, adding CNF to GCC produced the most beneficial effects on paper properties; CNF had a lower impact on dewatering times and permeability and GCC reduced strength less than for competing strategies. Adding CNF to LFF produced the least beneficial results using the same metrics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the sheets reveal that sheets produced using the different strategies are structurally different; adding CNF and retention chemicals to GCC appears to have increased GCC clustering, whereas adding CNF and retention chemicals to LFF appears to have increased the fraction of GCC adsorbed on the fiber walls. CNF and retention chemical addition to complete furnish showed GCC clustering and adhering to the fiber walls, of which clustering appeared the most common.
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| 6. |
- Ottesen, V, et al.
(author)
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Nanocellulose in Paper and Packaging
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One possible way to improve competitiveness of paper materials is through utilization of nanocellulose to achieve new properties or to reduce production cost. Several studies have shown that nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) can act as strength enhancing additive in paper or for paper surface improvements. NFC has the potential to bind large amounts of inorganic fillers in the paper sheet, and by this reduce energy consumption during paper production considerably. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed before the novel concepts can be realized, e.g. impaired drainage and drying of paper resulting from addition of NFC. This may be solved by obtaining the right balance between NFC quality, chemicals and additives. Promising results in this respect have been obtained but this is still in an early stage. Fiber-based packaging materials represent a “green” alternative to petroleum based packaging solutions. Depending on the packaging category, different properties are important. For the segment liquid packaging board, barrier against oxygen is important. Currently, this is obtained by using aluminum, or the petroleum-based polymer EVOH in combination with a water barrier. Replacing these materials with “green” alternatives would represent a large environmental achievement. While superior oxygen barrier properties has been demonstrated for NFC, good barrier against water and oxygen requires the combination of nanofibrils with complementary materials. Adequate combinations with other materials and feasible application techniques are still challenges that need to be solved. Other packaging segments require other properties, e.g. high stiffness or fracture toughness. By development of appropriate nanocellulose qualities, such properties can be improved. By preparing fibrils with small diameter, translucent films can be prepared. This is an interesting property for food packaging, where transparency may be a desired trait.
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| 7. |
- Ottesjö, Cajsa, et al.
(author)
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Assigning responsibility and motivating adolescents in pediatric diabetes care
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diabetes is a chronic disease requiring the individual to have enough knowledge to control and handle measurement of blood glucose and insulin dosages, and to take responsibility for her/his health generally. This may be a particularly strong challenge for adolescents, in transit from carefree childhood to responsible adulthood. This study is part of a multidisciplinary project on communication, decision making, ethics and health in pediatric diabetic care, in a context of person-centred care (Munthe et al. 2011). We focus here on two aspects of responsibility that are particularly salient in our data: assigning responsibility to different agents (adolescent, parent, doctor) and motivating adolescents to take responsibility for their diabetes (cf. Silverman 1993).The material is two (out of twelve in the corpus) conversations between a doctor and two different adolescents during one of their regular visits to the pediatric diabetes clinic. The visits were video recorded. The analytic method used is Conversation Analysis.Regarding the assignment of responsibility, the importance of checking your blood glucose, to be able to adapt the dose of insulin, is made relevant throughout both conversations. The person portrayed as responsible for this is the adolescent. It is also important for a person with diabetes to eat at regular intervals and to give a correct dose of insulin adjusted to the meal. In one of the conversations the parent makes the whole family responsible for the regular food intake. They appear as a unit, parents and patient working together. In the other family the sharing of responsibility for the diabetes seems to be more problematic from what is said, and the patient’s control over the diabetes is not working well, which is even more problematic since this person will soon be transferred to the adult diabetic-care.Regarding motivation, both conversations contain sequences where the doctor tries to motivate the patients to measure their blood glucose levels. Two main strategies for this can be identified in the conversations: one monological and the other dialogical. The monological strategy involves virtually no contributions from the adolescent. Hence, the adolescent’s own perspective is missing here, and the adolescent makes no decisions. The dialogical strategy centres on two questions, “What makes you do measurements?” and “What prevents you from doing measurements?”. We argue that the dialogical strategy is more in line with person-centred care.
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| 10. |
- Risse, Kilian, 1991-
(author)
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On Long Proofs of Simple Truths
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Propositional proof complexity is the study of certificates of infeasibility. In this thesis we consider several proof systems with limited deductive ability and unconditionally show that they require long refutations of the feasibility of certain Boolean formulas. We show that the depth $d$ Frege proof system, restricted to linesize $M$, requires proofs of length at least $\exp\bigl(n/(\log M)^{O(d)}\bigr)$ to refute the Tseitin contradiction defined over the $n \times n$ grid graph, improving upon the recent result of Pitassi et al. [PRT21]. Along the way we also sharpen the lower bound of Håstad [Hås20] on the depth $d$ Frege refutation size for the same formula from exponential in $\tilde{\Omega}(n^{1/59d})$ to exponential in$\tilde{\Omega}(n^{1/(2d-1)})$. We also consider the perfect matching formula defined over a sparse random graph on an odd number of vertices $n$. We show that polynomial calculus over fields of characteristic $\neq 2$ and sum of squares require size exponential in $\Omega(n/\log^2 n)$ to refute said formula. For depth $d$ Frege we show that there is a constant $\delta > 0$ such that refutations of these formulas require size $\exp\bigl(\Omega(n^{\delta/d})\bigl)$. The perfect matching formula has a close sibling over bipartite graphs: the graph pigeonhole principle. There are two methods to prove resolution refutation size lower bounds for the pigeonhole principle. On the one hand there is the general width-size tradeoff by Ben-Sasson and Wigderson [BW01] which can be used to show resolution refutation size lower bounds in the setting where we have a sparse bipartite graph with $n$ holes and $m \ll n^2$pigeons. On the other hand there is the pseudo-width technique developed by Razborov [Raz04] that applies for any number of pigeons, but requires the graph to be somewhat dense. We extend the latter technique to also cover the previous setting and more: for example, it has been open whether the functional pigeonhole principle defined over a random bipartite graph of bounded degree and $\poly(n) \ge n^2$ pigeons requires super-polynomial size resolution refutations. We answer this and related questions. Finally we also study the circuit tautology which claims that a Boolean function has a circuit of size $s$ computing it. For $s = \poly(n)$ we prove an essentially optimal Sum of Squares degree lower bound of $\Omega(s^{1-\eps})$ to refute this claim for any Boolean function. Further, we show that for any $0 < \alpha < 1$ there are Boolean functions on $n$ bits with circuit complexity larger than$2^{n^\alpha}$ but the Sum of Squares proof system requires size $2^{\bigl(2^{\Omega(n^\alpha)}\bigr)}$ to prove this. Lastly we show that these lower bounds can also be extended to the monotone setting.
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