| 1. |
- Almås, Ingvild, et al.
(author)
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The Economics of Hypergamy
- 2023
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In: The Journal of human resources. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 58:1, s. 260-281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Partner selection is a vital feature of human behavior with important consequences for individuals, families, and society. We use the term hypergamy to describe a phenomenon whereby there is a tendency for husbands to be of higher rank within the male earnings capacity distribution than their wives are within the female distribution. Such patterns are difficult to verify empirically because earnings are both a cause and an effect of the mating process. Using parental earnings rank as a predetermined measure of earnings capacity to solve the simultaneity problem, we show that hypergamy is an important feature of today’s mating patterns in one of the most gender-equal societies in the world, namely Norway. Through its influence on household specialization, we argue that hypergamy may explain parts of the remaining gender wage gap.
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| 2. |
- Bharadwaj, Prashant, et al.
(author)
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Birth Weight in the Long Run
- 2018
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In: The Journal of human resources. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 53:1, s. 189-231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the effect of birth weight on long-run outcomes using data on Swedish twins born between 1926 and 1958 linked to administrative records spanning entire life-time labor market histories. We find that birth weight positively affects permanent income and income across large parts of the lifecycle. The timing of the birth weight–income relationship is in line with the role of birth weight in determining takeup of sickness benefits and morbidity. The effect of birth weight on labor market outcomes even for cohorts born 30 years apart are similar; for short run health outcomes, birth weight plays a decreasing role over time.
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| 3. |
- Björkegren, Evelina, et al.
(author)
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Pre- and Post-Birth Components of Intergenerational Persistence in Health and Longevity: Lessons from a Large Sample of Adoptees
- 2022
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In: The Journal of human resources. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 57:1, s. 112-142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use a large sample of Swedish-born adoptees and their biological and adopting parents to decompose the persistence in health inequality across generations into pre-birth and post-birth components. We use three sets of measures for health outcomes in the second generation: mortality, measures based on data on hospitalization and, finally, measures using birth outcomes for the third generation. The results show that all of the persistence in mortality is transmitted solely via pre-birth factors, while the results for the hospitalization measures suggest that at least three quarters of the intergenerational persistence in health is attributable to the biological parents.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Yvonne Jie, et al.
(author)
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Early-Life Exposure to Tap Water and the Development of Cognitive Skills
- 2022
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In: Journal of Human Resources. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 57:6, s. 2113-2149
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examine the impact of early-life exposure to tap water on children’s cognitive skills in later life. We exploit the variation in the timing of tap water connections across communities imposed by a major drinking water safety program in rural China. Using data extracted from the China Family Panel Studies, we find that one additional year of exposure to tap water in early life increases the cognitive test score at ages 10–15 by 0.132 standard deviations. The event study estimates confirm that the beneficial impacts of tap water exposure are concentrated in early life.
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| 5. |
- Eliason, Marcus, et al.
(author)
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Does Job Loss Shorten Life?
- 2009
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In: The Journal of human resources. - : University of Wisconsin Press. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 44:2, s. 277-302
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines the impact of job loss on overall and cause-specific mortality. Using linked employer-employee data, we identified the workers displaced due to all establishment closures in Sweden in 1987 and 1988. Hence, we have extended the case study approach, which has dominated the plant closure literature. The overall mortality risk among men increased by 44 percent during the first four years following job loss, while there was no impact on either female overall mortality or in the longer run. For both sexes, however, there was an about twofold short-run increase in suicides and alcohol-related mortality.
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| 6. |
- Engdahl, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Early Labor Market Prospects and Family Formation
- 2022
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In: The Journal of human resources. - : University of Wisconsin Press. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 58:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using quasi-random variation in graduation years of Swedish vocational high-school females at the sudden onset of a deep national recession, we study how deteriorated early labor-market prospects affected economic and family outcomes during the following decades. Labor-market consequences were severe but not permanent. In contrast, family outcomes were permanently altered, in particular for low-GPA women. These women married and had children earlier, and they partnered with lower-performing spouses. Divorce and single-motherhood rates rose, and welfare-claims remained elevated for decades. This suggests that temporary shocks to female labor market prospects can propagate into long-run poverty through endogenous adjustments of marriage-quality thresholds.
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| 7. |
- Fogelgren, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Is Supported Employment Effective for Young Adults with Disability Pension? : Evidence from a Swedish Randomized Evaluation
- 2023
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In: The Journal of human resources. - : University of Wisconsin Press. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 58:2, s. 452-487
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports results from a large-scale randomized experiment evaluating whether a supported employment rehabilitation intervention strategy can improve labor market opportunities for young adults on disability pension better than regular vocational rehabilitation. The supported employment intervention utilizes a caseworker as back-up for the individual during training to reduce employers’ risks when hiring an individual with unclear productivity. In total, 1,062 individuals were randomly assigned between interventions. The main results show that 18 months after the start of the project, participants with supported employment have work rates that are approximately 10 percentage points higher than participants who received regular rehabilitation.
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| 8. |
- Fredriksson, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Parental Responses to Public Investments in Children : Evidence from a Maximum Class Size Rule
- 2016
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In: The Journal of human resources. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 51:4, s. 832-868
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study differential parental responses to variation in class size induced by a maximum class size rule in Swedish schools. In response to an increase in class size: (i) only high-income parents help their children more with homework; (ii) all parents are more likely to move their child to another school; and (iii) only low-income children find their teachers harder to follow when taught in a larger class. These findings indicate that public and private investments in children are substitutes, and help explain why the negative effect of class size on achievement in our data is concentrated among low-income children.
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| 9. |
- Gerdtham, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Absolute income, relative income, income inequality, and mortality
- 2004
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In: Journal of Human Resources. - : University of Wisconsin Press. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 39:1, s. 228-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We test whether mortality is related to individual income, mean community income, and community income inequality, controlling for initial health status and personal characteristics. The analysis is based on a random sample from the adult Swedish population of more than 40, 000 individuals who were followed up for 10-17 years. We find that mortality decreases significantly as individual income increases. For mean community income and community income inequality we cannot, however, reject the null hypothesis of no effect on mortality. This result is stable with respect to a number of measurement and specification issues explored in an extensive sensitivity analysis.
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| 10. |
- Grönqvist, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities
- 2017
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In: The Journal of human resources. - : UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 52:4, s. 887-918
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the intergenerational transmission of cognitive and noncognitive abilities using population data and correct for measurement error in abilities using two sets of instruments. The results show that previous estimates are biased downward and that once measurement error is corrected for, the correlation in noncognitive ability is close to that of cognitive ability. By considering both parents, intergenerational ability correlations account for a substantial portion of the sibling correlation. Using adoptees, we find that the social impact of maternal abilities is more important than paternal abilities. Children's educational attainment and labor market outcomes are strongly related to parents' cognitive and noncognitive abilities.
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