| 1. |
- Macassa, Gloria, et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in infant and child mortality in Mozambique during and after a period ofconflict
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 117:4, s. 221-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes urban and rural trends of infant, child and under-five mortality in Mozambique (1973–1997) by mother's place of residence. A direct method of estimation was applied to the 1997 Mozambican Demographic and Health Survey data. The levels of infant, child and under-five mortality were considerably higher in rural than in urban areas. The difference in mortality between urban and rural areas increased over time until 1988–1992 and thereafter diminished. Possible causes of the different trends (e.g. the impact of civil war, drought, migration, adjustment programme and HIV/AIDS) are discussed. The increase in mortality in urban areas during the last few years before the survey may have been related to the immigration to urban areas of mothers whose children had high levels of mortality. Higher levels of infant, child and under-five mortality still prevail, particularly in rural areas. Further studies are needed to investigate the differentials of infant and child mortality by mother's place of residence.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Asp, Margareta, professor, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical mobility, physical activity, and obesity among elderly : findings from a large population-based Swedish survey
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 147, s. 84-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To examine how physical activity and physical mobility are related to obesity in the elderly. Study design A cross-sectional study of 2558 men and women aged 65 years and older who participated in a population survey in 2012 was conducted in mid-Sweden with an overall response rate of 67%. Methods Obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) was based on self-reported weight and height, and physical activity and physical mobility on questionnaire data. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regressions were used as statistical analyses. Results The overall prevalence of obesity was 19% in women and 15% in men and decreased after the age of 75 years. A strong association between both physical activity and obesity, and physical mobility and obesity was found. The odds for obesity were higher for impaired physical mobility (odds ratio [OR] 2.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.14–3.75) than for physical inactivity (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.28–2.08) when adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic status and fruit and vegetable intake. However, physical activity was associated with obesity only among elderly with physical mobility but not among those with impaired physical mobility. Conclusion It is important to focus on making it easier for elderly with physical mobility to become or stay physically active, whereas elderly with impaired physical mobility have a higher prevalence of obesity irrespective of physical activity.
|
|
| 4. |
- Baburin, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Avoidable mortality in Estonia : exploring the differences in life expectancy between Estonians and non-Estonians in 2005-2007
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 125:11, s. 754-762
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: A considerable increase in social inequalities in mortality was observed in Eastern Europe during the post-communist transition. This study evaluated the contribution of avoidable causes of death to the difference in life expectancy between Estonians and non-Estonians in Estonia. Study design: Descriptive study. Methods: Temporary life expectancy (TLE) was calculated for Estonian and non-Estonian men and women aged 0-74 years in 2005-2007. The ethnic TLE gap was decomposed by age and cause of death (classified as preventable or treatable). Results: The TLE of non-Estonian men was 3.53 years less than that of Estonian men, and the TLE of non-Estonian women was 1.36 years less than that of Estonian women. Preventable causes of death contributed 2.19 years to the gap for men and 0.78 years to the gap for women, while treatable causes contributed 0.67 and 0.33 years, respectively. Cardiorespiratory conditions were the major treatable causes of death, with ischaemic heart disease alone contributing 0.29 and 0.08 years to the gap for men and women, respectively. Conditions related to alcohol and substance use represented the largest proportion of preventable causes of death. Conclusions: Inequalities in health behaviours underlie the ethnic TLE gap in Estonia, rather than inequalities in access to health care or the quality of health care. Public health interventions should prioritize primary prevention aimed at alcohol and substance use, and should be implemented in conjunction with wider social policy measures
|
|
| 5. |
- Baigi, Amir, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiovascular mortality focusing on socio-economic influence : the low-risk population of Halland compared to the population of Sweden as a whole
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 116:5, s. 285-288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and socioeconomic status (SES) in Sweden and to estimate to what extent the difference between a province with low mortality and the rest of Sweden was dependent on socio-economic factors. A population-based retrospective study with a historical prospective approach was performed covering a 10-y period in the province of Halland, Sweden, as well as Sweden as a whole. Altogether 1654 744 men and 1592 467 women were included, of whom 45 394 men and 43 403 women were from Halland, distributed according to SES. Multivariate analysis with Poisson regression was used. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Both men and women with a low SES showed a significantly higher risk of death from CVD in Sweden as a whole. The risk was 23% higher for male blue-collar workers and 44% higher for female blue-collar workers when compared to their white-collar counterparts. The level of mortality in Halland was 14% lower compared to the country as a whole when only age was taken into account. When the socio-economic variable was also included, this figure was 8%. The results show the substantial significance of social differences with respect to CVD mortality. The effect of SES seems to be more important than that of geographical conditions when the latter are isolated from socio-economic influence.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergh, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Life events, social support and sense of coherence among frequent attenders in primary health care.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Public health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 120, s. 229-236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this survey was to compare stressful life events, social support and sense of coherence (SOC) between frequent attenders (FAs) and normal attenders (controls) in primary health care. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary healthcare centre in the south-west of Sweden. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to 263 frequent attenders and 703 normal attenders. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic variables and scales of stressful life events, social support and SOC. The results from the questionnaire were compared between the groups, and the significance of the variables in terms of attendance was tested in a multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: More of the FAs were secondarily single, they had more chronic diseases and were more often living on a sickness/disablement pension than the controls. FAs did not report more stressful life events than the controls nor was their experience of events more negative. Social support was as strong among FAs as among controls, and it had no significant effect on their frequent attendance. FAs had a significantly weaker SOC compared with controls. The variables that significantly influenced frequent attendance were high age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02], chronic disease (OR = 3.08), sickness/disablement pension (OR = 2.46) and SOC (OR = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: SOC had a significant influence on frequent attendance in primary health care, but stressful life events and social support did not. FAs did not report more stressful life events. However, due to an inadequate coping strategy, indicated by a weak SOC, the life events probably caused them more symptoms and diseases, and thereby a higher consulting frequency.
|
|
| 8. |
- Brynhildsen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in body mass index during early pregnancy in Swedish women 1978-2001
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 120:5, s. 393-399
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to study the body mass index (BMI) in women seeking maternity health care during early pregnancy in Sweden, and to show trends for a period of more than 20 years. Study design: register study. Methods: data from the maternity health programme on consecutively delivered women in two Swedish hospitals were collected for the years 1978, 1986, 1992, 1997 and 2001. All women were weighed at their first midwife visit between 8 and 10 weeks of gestation and height was also measured. Results: data on 4883 women were collected. Data on weight were available for 4490 (92%) women and data on BMI were available for 4378 (90%) women. The age-adjusted average weight increased from 59.5 kg in 1978 to 68.2 kg in 2001, and the BMI increased from 21.7 in 1978 to 24.7 in 2001. In 2001, 38.6% of the women had a BMI >25 compared with 11.2 in 1978. In 2001, 11.6% of the women were obese compared with 2.2% in 1978. Conclusions: during the last two decades, an alarming increase in weight has occurred in Swedish women of childbearing age. © 2005.
|
|
| 9. |
- Byass, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Motherhood, migration and mortality in Dikgale : modelling life events among women in a rural South African community
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - London : Academic P.. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 125:5, s. 318-323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Although particular types of life events in populations are often studied separately, this study investigated the joint effects of three major event types in South African women’s lives: motherhood, migration and mortality. Study design: Data were taken from a health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS) over an 11-year period, reflecting the entire population of a defined geographic area as an open cohort, in which individuals participated in regular longitudinal surveillance for health and demographic events. This HDSS is a member of the Indepth Network. Methods: Multivariate Poisson regression models were built for each of the three life event types, in which individual person-time observed out of the total possible 11-year period was used as a rate multiplier. These models were used to calculate adjusted incidence rate ratios for each factor. Results: In the 21,587 person–years observed for women aged 15–49 years, from 1996 to 2006, adjusted rate ratios for mortality and migration increased substantially over time, while motherhood remained fairly constant. Women who migrated were less likely to bear children; temporary migrants were at greater risk of dying, while permanent in-migrants had higher survival rates. Women who subsequently died were much less likely to bear children or migrate. Conclusions: The associations between motherhood, migration and mortality among these rural South African women were complex and dynamic. Extremely rapid increases in mortality over the period studied are presumed to reflect the effects of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic. Understanding these complex interactions between various life events at population level is crucial for effective public health planning and service delivery.
|
|
| 10. |
- Byass, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of demographic surveillance systems (DSS) in assessing the health of communities : an example from rural Ethiopia
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 116:3, s. 145-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal demographic surveillance systems (DSSs) in selected populations can provide important information in situations where routine health information is incomplete or absent, particularly in developing countries. The Butajira Rural Health Project is one such example, initiated in rural Ethiopia in 1987. DSSs rely on regular community-based surveillance as a means of vital event registration, among a sufficient population base to draw meaningful conclusions about rates and trends in relatively rare events such as maternal death. Enquiries into specific health problems can also then use this framework to quantify particular issues or evaluate interventions. Demographic characteristics and trends for a rural Ethiopian population over a 10-y period are presented as an illustration of the DSS approach, based on 336 000 person-years observed. Overall life expectancy at birth was 50 y. Demographic parameters generally showed modest trends towards improvement over the 10-y period. The DSS approach is useful in characterising populations at the community level over a period of time, providing important information for health planning and intervention. Methodological issues underlying this approach need further exploration and development.
|
|
