| 1. |
- Alvarez-Rodriguez, Manuel, et al.
(author)
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MicroRNA expression in specific segments of the pig periovulatory internal genital tract is differentially regulated by semen or by seminal plasma
- 2024
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- microRNAs play pivotal roles during mammalian reproduction, including the cross-talk between gametes, embryos and the maternal genital tract. Mating induces changes in the expression of mRNA transcripts in the female, but whether miRNAs are involved remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we mapped 181 miRNAs in the porcine peri-ovulatory female reproductive tract: Cervix (Cvx), distal and proximal uterus (Dist-Ut, ProxUt), Utero-tubal-junction (UTJ), isthmus (Isth), ampulla (Amp), and infundibulum (Inf) when exposed to semen (natural mating (NM) or artificial insemination (AI-P1)) or to infusions of sperm-free seminal plasma (SP): the first 10 mL of the sperm rich fraction (SP-P1) or the entire ejaculate (SP-E). Among the most interesting findings, NM decreased mir-671, implicated in uterine development and pregnancy loss prior to embryo implantation, in Cvx, Dist-UT, Prox-UT, Isth, and Inf, while it increased in Amp. NM and SP-E induced the downregulation of miRlet7A-1 (Dist-UT, Prox-UT), a regulator of immunity during pregnancy. miR-34C-1, a regulator of endometrial receptivity gene expression, was increased in Dist-UT, UTJ and Amp (NM), in Prox-UT (AI-P1), and in Amp (SPP1). miR-296, a modulator of the inflammatory response and apoptosis, was upregulated in the UTJ (all treatments). NM elicited the highest miRNA activity in the sperm reservoir (UTJ), suggesting that key-regulators such as miR-34c or miR-296 may modulate the metabolic processes linked to the adequate preparation for gamete encounter in the oviduct. Our results suggest that SP should be maintained in AI to warrant miRNA regulation within the female genital tract for reproductive success.
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| 2. |
- Alvarez-Rodriguez, Manuel, et al.
(author)
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mRNA expression of oxidative-reductive proteins in boars with documented different fertility can identify relevant prognostic biomarkers
- 2021
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 141, s. 195-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxidative stress unbalance is a major factor causing impairment of sperm function and, ultimately, sperm death. In this study, we identified transcriptomic and proteomic markers for oxidative-related protectors from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in spermatozoa from breeding boars with documented high- or lowfertility. Particular attention was paid to glutathione peroxidases, and to transcripts related to DNA stabilization and compaction, as protamine and transition proteins. mRNA cargo analysis was performed using porcinespecific micro-arrays (GeneChip (R) miRNA 4.0 and GeneChip (R) Porcine Gene 1.0 ST) and qPCR validation. Differences between fertility-classed boars were ample among biomarkers; some upregulated only at protein level (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione proteins), or only at the mRNA level (ATOX1, Antioxidant Protein 1). In addition, protamines 2 and 3, essential for sperm DNA condensation and also transition proteins 1 and 2 (TNP1 and TNP2), required during histone-to-protamine replacement, were overexpressed in spermatozoa from high-fertile boars. This up-regulation seems concerted to reduce DNA accessibility to ROS attack, protecting the DNA. The upregulated intracellular phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx4), in high-fertile boars at mRNA level, can be considered a most relevant biomarker for fertility disclosure during sperm evaluation.
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| 3. |
- Barranco, Isabel, et al.
(author)
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Delays in processing and storage of pig seminal plasma alters levels of contained antioxidants
- 2021
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 135, s. 416-423
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seminal plasma (SP) antioxidants are considered biomarkers of sperm function and fertility for AI-boars. The current protocol for their measurement implies the SP was harvested immediately after ejaculation and prompt stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Such protocol may be impractical for AI-centers. This study evaluated how SP levels of antioxidants were influenced by delays in (1) SP-harvesting (0 [control], 2 or 24 h at 17 degrees C after ejaculate collection), in (2) SP-freezing (0 [control] or 24 hat 17 degrees C after SP-harvesting) or (3) the temperature of storage (-80 degrees C [control] or - 20 degrees C). The SP-antioxidants evaluated were: glutathione peroxidase [GPx], superoxide dismutase [SOD], paraoxonase-1 [PON-1], trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC] and oxidative stress index [OSI]. A total of 120 aliquots from 10 entire ejaculates were handled in three trials. They were centrifuged (1500 g, 10 min) for harvesting SP and antioxidants were measured with an Automatic Chemistry Analyzer. A 24 h-delay in harvesting the SP led to an increase (p 0.001) in TEAC and SOD SP-levels, and a decrease (p 0.05) of OSI and PON-1. Similarly, a 24 h-delay to freeze the SP increased (p 0.01) TEAC values and decreased (p 0.01) PON-1 and GPx activity levels. Finally, storing the SP at -20 degrees C decreased (p 0.001) SP-levels of TEAC, PON-1 and GPx, and increased (p 0.01) OSI values. Strong positive relationships (p 0.001) were found between antioxidant SP-levels in processed samples and their respective controls. In sum, handling and SP storage influence antioxidant measurements in AI-boars. Reliable levels of SP-antioxidants can only be warranted if a strict protocol for harvesting and SP storage is followed.
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| 4. |
- Bashiruddin, J. B., et al.
(author)
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Detection of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC in bovine lung and lymph node tissues by culture, sandwich ELISA and polymerase chain reaction systems
- 2005
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 78:3, s. 199-205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cattle from Northern Portugal, many with pulmonary lesions typical of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (MmmSC), which is the causative agent of CBPP, with several detection tests. sandwich ELISA that included a Culture enrichment stage, and 2 different PCR diagnostic systems were used to detect MmmSC in lung and mediastinal lymph node tissues from these animals. The comparison of typical CBPP pathology with the results of detection revealed that no single one of these methods provided a perfect match to the pathological data. Best performing tests were the PCR with laser induced fluorescence and PCR with pleuroTRAP kit (Chemicon, Australia), which are diagnostic systems based on amplification of genomic MmmSC DNA Followed by sensitive detection of the amplified products. These were followed by the broth-enriched sandwich ELISA, Which uses a monoclonal antibody specific to the M. mycoides cluster, to capture the antigen.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Belak, Sandor
(author)
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Body temperature and motion: Evaluation of an online monitoring system in pigs challenged with Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Virus
- 2017
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 114, s. 482-488
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Highly contagious and emerging diseases cause significant losses in the pig producing industry worldwide. Rapid and exact acquisition of real-time data, like body temperature and animal movement from the production facilities would enable early disease detection and facilitate adequate response. In this study, carried out within the European Union research project RAPIDIA FIELD, we tested an online monitoring system on pigs experimentally infected with the East European subtype 3 Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) strain Lena. We linked data from different body temperature measurement methods and the real-time movement of the pigs. The results showed a negative correlation between body temperature and movement of the animals. The correlation was similar with both body temperature obtaining methods, rectal and thermal sensing microchip, suggesting some advantages of body temperature measurement with transponders compared with invasive and laborious rectal measuring. We also found a significant difference between motion values before and after the challenge with a virulent PRRSV strain. The decrease in motion values was noticeable before any clinical sign was recorded. Based on our results the online monitoring system could represent a practical tool in registering early warning signs of health status alterations, both in experimental and commercial production settings.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Annika
(author)
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Risk factors for surgical site infection associated with clean surgical procedures in dogs
- 2021
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 136, s. 616-621
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is associated with increased morbidity, cost and mortality in human medicine and with increased morbidity and cost in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for SSI development after clean surgical procedures in dogs, treated at both first opinion clinics as well as referral hospitals. 1550 dogs scored 1 or 2 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), that underwent clean surgical procedures at 103 clinics located in Northern and Central Europe were included in the study. Data regarding the surgical procedure, surgery time use of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP), surgery type, intraoperative hypothermia, and the use of surgical implants were recorded according to predefined protocols. Active 30-day SSI surveillance was performed. A random effects logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the perioperative variables and SSI development. SSI was detected in 85/1550 dogs (5.5%); 25 occurred in the 500 orthopedic/neurosurgery procedures (5.0%), and 60 in the 1050 soft tissue procedures (5.7%). A total of 1524 dogs were included in the final multivariable model. Increased surgery time was the only variable associated with an increased risk of SSI. No association between the other risk factors evaluated in the study and SSI occurrence was detected. Efforts must therefore be made to keep the surgery time as short as possible. Orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures including those where an implant is placed should not automatically be regarded as high-risk procedures benefiting from perioperative AMP.
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| 8. |
- Boqvist, Sofia
(author)
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The prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) in Bangladesh
- 2023
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 158, s. 17-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in water buffalo is responsible for reduced milk yield and quality. This cross-sectional study was carried out to a) estimate the prevalence of SCM, b) identify risk factors associated with SCM, and c) identify farm-level risk factors associated with bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC). The buffalo farms included in this study represented five rearing systems: free-range, semi-free-range, household, semi-intensive, and intensive, providing a total of 3491 functional quarters of 880 lactating buffalo on 248 farms. The California mastitis test score was used to identify SCM. Bulk milk samples (n = 242) were used for farm-level BMSCC. Quarter and buffalo-level risk factors for SCM were measured using questionnaires and observations. The overall SCM prevalence was high at 27.9% at the quarter-level (25th and 75th percentiles: 8.3% and 41.7%) and 51.5% at buffalo-level (25th and 75th percentiles: 33.3% and 66.7%). The geometric mean BMSCC was 217,000 cells/mL of milk (ranging from 36,000-1,213,000 cells/mL), which is low on average, but some farms could improve substantially. The buffalo rearing system, udder location (left versus right), teat shape, udder asymmetry, number of milkers, and having a quarantine facility were associated with buffalo udder health. Our findings suggest that mainly using free-range rearing systems may help decrease the prevalence of SCM primarily by employing buffalo breeding and better farm biosecurity, and udder health control strategies can be designed based on our findings.
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| 9. |
- Camussone, Cecilia M., et al.
(author)
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Immune response of heifers against a Staphylococcus aureus CP5 whole cell and lysate vaccine formulated with ISCOM Matrix adjuvant
- 2014
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 96:1, s. 86-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated pathogen from bovine intramammary infections worldwide. Commercially available vaccines for mastitis control are composed either of S. aureus lysates or whole-cells formulated with traditional adjuvants. We recently showed the ability of a S. aureus CP5 whole-cell vaccine adjuvanted with ISCOM Matrix to increase specific antibodies production in blood and milk, improving opsonic capacity, compared with the same vaccine formulated with Al(OH)(3). However, there is no information about the use of ISCOM Matrix for the formulation of bacterial lysates. The aim of this study was to characterize the innate and humoral immune responses induced by a S. aureus CP5 whole-cell or lysate vaccine, formulated with ISCOM Matrix after immunization of pregnant heifers. Both immunogens stimulated strong humoral immune responses in blood and milk, raising antibodies that increased opsonic capacity. Lysate formulation generated a higher and longer lasting antibody titer and stimulated a higher expression of regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with the whole-cell vaccine. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(author)
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Quantification of stress sensitive markers in single fecal samples do not accurately predict excretion of these in the pig
- 2007
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In: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 82:3, s. 423-428
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All feces produced during 24 h were collected from five pigs and cortisol and immunoreactive cortisol metabolites (CICM), and IgA were quantified. Within pigs, the concentrations of CICM and IgA varied extensively between random samples obtained from a single fecal dropping, and deviated in most cases significantly from the true concentration measured in total fecal output (CV 6.7-130%). The CICM and IgA contents varied considerably (CV 8.1-114%) within and between individual fecal droppings from the same pig compared to the total fecal excretion. In conclusion, single random samples could not be used to reliably quantify the total fecal concentration or excretion of CICM or IgA in pigs. Analyses of all feces collected during shorter periods than 24 h did not provide an accurate estimate of the daily excretion of CICM. Thus, the concentration of stress sensitive molecules in random single fecal samples as an indicator of animal welfare should be interpreted with prudence.
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