| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Borgström, Sara, et al.
(author)
-
Outside the boundary - land use changes in the surroundings of urban nature reserves
- 2012
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 32:2, s. 350-359
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance of the landscape surrounding a protected area for sustaining its values is frequently discussed in conservation literature. Studies on the interactions of urbanisation and nature conservation at the global scale suggest that protected nature attracts urbanisation, and that this in turn might negatively impact the area. However, studies specifically addressing such land use dynamics at city scale are largely missing. In this study we examine the change in proportion of built up area in two zones (500 m and 1000 m) surrounding 15 urban nature reserves in southern Sweden. By using comprehensive maps from the last 50 years, we compared the zones to the overall urbanisation in the cities to reveal discrepancies in land use surrounding the nature reserves. We found that the amount of built up area in the buffer zones surrounding nature reserves followed the same trend as the corresponding cities and this relation was stable over time, although the positive relationship was not significant. The establishment of nature reserves had no detectable effect on surrounding land use, however two distinguished groups of reserves were identified with either more or less built up area in buffers zones compared to cities. These differences were related to specific local drivers such as land ownership, land use history and nature reserve location. In contrast to earlier studies at global scale, our study did not show that nature reserves attract urbanisation. Instead, we stress that the great variety of contextual factors at the city scale makes quantitative analysis of this kind extremely difficult. However, a general neglect from planning and nature conservation agencies to recognise nature reserves’ dependence on the surrounding landscape configuration could be detrimental to sustain their values in the long-term. Hence we suggest that zones surrounding nature-protected areas should be planned and managed according to local land use history and current landscape conditions to enable and enhance necessary cross-boundary interactions.
|
|
| 3. |
- Caretta, Martina Angela, et al.
(author)
-
Soil management and soil properties in a Kenyan smallholder irrigation system on naturally low-fertile soils
- 2018
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 90, s. 248-256
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we examine the impact of soil management practices on soil properties in a landscape with naturally relatively poor soils on and below the dry slopes of a Rift Valley escarpment in Kenya that have been dominated by extensive smallholder investments in canal irrigation over the last 300 years. We show that farmers in the area have been able to keep up agricultural production in the face of growing population. The actual practices of soil management at one moment in time appear to be of minor importance to soil improvement, as indicated by the low correlation between Soil Management Index (SMI) and soil chemical data. However, cultivation triggers a process of slow soil improvement manifested by a positive correlation between nutrient levels and duration of irrigated cultivation and soil management, which likely explains farmers' confidence in soil productivity. However, we also identify sodicity as a risk connected to intensified irrigation in the area. Finally, we stress the need for further studies integrating investigations of local irrigation and soil management with soil and water quality analyses. These will be crucial to shape sustainable place-based and farmer-led solutions for African agricultural growth.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(author)
-
Crime in rural Sweden
- 2011
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 31:1, s. 119-135
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this article is to assess the levels and spatial patterns of crime in rural Sweden This involves a summary of the changing levels and composition of a selected group of offences from 1996 to 2007 in two groups of rural areas (remote and accessible) in relation to urban areas Crime rates are modelled cross-sectionally as a function of the municipalities structural indicators Geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial statistics techniques are used to assess shifting patterns of concentration of thefts and violence as well as for modelling crime rates Findings show that rural areas have become more criminogenic than they were a decade ago Changes in the rates and geography were found using cluster techniques for both violence and theft. Although models of rural crime do not show any special rural dimension the predicting variables in models containing both urban and rural areas are not exactly the same as in models with rural areas only Crime is often linked to the presence of alcohol-selling premises characteristics of family structure and proportion of young male population.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
Temporal and spatial dynamics of falls among older pedestrians in Sweden
- 2019
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 103, s. 122-133
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate temporal and spatial dynamics of falls among older pedestrians in Sweden. These events involve self-inflicted falls, as well as individuals' collisions with other pedestrians or other road users, such as bicycles and vehicles. We first assess the nature and the distribution of falls over time and by type of environments between 2011 and 2016. Then, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), we visualize the concentrations of falls by street segment. Finally, we assess whether temporal and spatial factors affect the occurrence of falls among older pedestrians, controlling for contextual factors using a multinomial logit model for all of Sweden, and then for rural municipalities only. Falls take place in more densely populated areas and are associated with specific characteristics of the built environment (e.g. mixed roads, bus stops but less frequently in inclined streets). Given the concentrated pattern of falls (80% of falls happen in 5% of the total street segments), a systematic maintenance service across all municipalities should be tailored according to the local geography of falls to ensure elderly safety. Both models confirm that elderly pedestrians' falls in connection with collisions with car, motorcycle and bicycle happen more often in the afternoons, weekends and in autumn than do self-inflicted falls. These findings call for the need for considering elderly routine activities when defining preventative measures.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(author)
-
Patterns of inter- and intra-regional differences in human capital and earnings : Evidence from Finland and Sweden 1987–2015
- 2021
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 135
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we examine the long-term patterns of geographical disparities in human capital and income in Finland and Sweden over the period 1987–2015. Using nationwide longitudinal population register data, we analyze disparities at different spatial scales, between and within functional labor market regions determined by observed travel-to-work patterns. Contrary to the findings from many other developed economies indicating inter-regional divergence in per capita income, we find indications of inter-regional convergence in per capita earnings among the functional labor market regions in both countries after 2000. However, small, and peripheral regions have not recovered from the macroeconomic shocks in the 1990s, in terms of per capita earnings. Our estimates indicate relatively small and statistically insignificant changes in the geographical dispersion of human capital at the inter-regional scale. At the intra-regional scale, the disparities in human capital and earnings between the core and hinterlands are relatively large and persistent, although some evidence of convergence is found for Finland. The largest intra-regional differences in human capital and earnings are found within the metropolitan labor markets.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ernst, Kathleen M., et al.
(author)
-
Climate change scenario planning in Alaska's National Parks : Stakeholder involvement in the decision-making process
- 2013
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 45, s. 22-28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article studies the participation of stakeholders in climate change decision-making in Alaska's National Parks. We place stakeholder participation within literatures on environmental and climate change decision-making. We conducted participant observation and interviews in two planning workshops to investigate the decision-making process, and our findings are three-fold. First, the inclusion of diverse stakeholders expanded climate change decision-making beyond National Park Service (NPS) institutional constraints. Second, workshops of the Climate Change Scenario Planning Project (CCSPP) enhanced institutional understandings of participants' attitudes towards climate change and climate change decision-making. Third, the geographical context of climate change influences the decision-making process. As the first regional approach to climate change decision-making within the NPS, the CCSPP serves as a model for future climate change planning in public land agencies. This study shows how the participation of stakeholders can contribute to robust decisions, may move climate change decision-making beyond institutional barriers, and can provide information about attitudes towards climate change decision-making. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 8. |
- Florida, Richard, et al.
(author)
-
Technology, talent and economic segregation in cities
- 2020
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 116
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HighlightsThis research examines the relation between technology, talent and economic segregation across US metro areas.We find that technology and talent are associated with higher levels of economic segregation, but not with increases over time.In addition, we find that greater levels of economic segregation work to hinder both innovation and economic performance.
|
|
| 9. |
- Freduah, George, et al.
(author)
-
The impacts of environmental and socio-economic stressors on small scale fisheries and livelihoods of fishers in Ghana
- 2017
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 89, s. 1-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Small-scale coastal fisheries are exposed to many stressors, such as poor governance, lack of alternative employment, overfishing and diseases. Stressors, in this context, constitute environmental and socio-economic changes or events at local, national or global levels making the fisheries sector or fishers vulnerable. Climate change is expected to compound the consequences of these stressors on fisheries and livelihoods. Identifying and understanding the effects of important stressors are imperative for building and organising appropriate capacity to adapt and, ultimately, for successful adaptation. However, how climate-related and non-climate stressors jointly affect small-scale fisheries is still to be fully explored. In this paper, we use case studies of three coastal communities in,the Western Region of Ghana to gain insights into how multiple stressors combine to affect small-scale fisheries. The findings show that multiple stressors combine in complex ways, affecting fisheries-based livelihoods and the coastal landscape, vegetation and infrastructure. This suggests that any single stressor is just a part of a set of stressors that jointly affect small-scale coastal fisheries. This study proposes that the effects of climate-related stressors are better comprehended when analysed in light of the synergetic effect of multiple stressors. It has the potential to guide policy-makers and managers in designing and implementing improved strategies to enhance adaptive capacity in response to climate change. Moreover, this knowledge can present an opportunity and justification for solving other inherent developmental problems through climate change adaptation policies and actions.
|
|
| 10. |
- Krantz, Helena, 1975-
(author)
-
Household routines-A time-space issue : A theoretical approach applied on the case of water and sanitation
- 2006
-
In: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-6228 .- 1873-7730. ; 26:3-4, s. 227-241
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emerging chemical society and new political demands on improved ecological sustainability have put the urban water and sanitation system under pressure. It is recognised that the users need to partake in the problem solving, but to influence human practice we must understand it. A theoretical framework, founded on time-geography and cultural analysis, was developed and applied in a study on the interrelationship between changes in water and sanitation arrangements at the household level and residents' routines. This article describes the theory cross-fertilisation and its prospect of application in studies of human environmental action. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
