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- Qi, B. Y., et al.
(author)
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Differential genetic associations between dimensions of eating disorders and alcohol involvement in late adolescent twins
- 2023
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In: Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research. - 0145-6008 .- 2993-7175. ; 47:9, s. 1677-1689
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Twin studies have demonstrated shared genetic and environmental effects between eating disorders and alcohol involvement in adults and middle adolescents. However, fewer studies have focused on late adolescents or investigated a wide range of eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement subscales in both sexes. We examined genetic and environmental correlations among three eating disorder dimensions and two alcohol involvement subscale scores in late adolescent twins using bivariate twin models.Methods: Participants were 3568 female and 2526 male same-sex twins aged 18 years old from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI) assessed the drive for thinness, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction. Alcohol involvement was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test consumption (AUDIT-C) and problem (AUDIT-P) subscales.Results: Only phenotypic and twin correlations in female twins met our threshold for twin modeling. The proportion of total variance for each trait accounted for by additive genetic factors ranged from 0.50 to 0.64 in female twins, with the rest explained by nonshared environmental factors and measurement error. Shared environmental factors played a minimal role in the variance of each trait. The strongest genetic correlation (r(a)) emerged between EDI bulimia and AUDIT-P (r(a) = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.55), indicating that the proportion of genetic variance of one trait that was shared with the other trait was 0.21. Nonshared environmental correlations between eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement ranged from 0.03 to 0.13.Conclusions: We observed distinct patterns of genetic and environmental effects for co-occurring eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement in female vs. male twins, supporting sex-specific treatment strategies for late adolescents with comorbid eating disorders and alcohol use disorder. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing family history of multiple eating disorder dimensions while treating late adolescents with problematic alcohol use, and vice versa, to improve detection and treatment.
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- Adermark, Louise, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Disentangling the Role of Astrocytes in Alcohol Use Disorder
- 2016
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In: Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008. ; 40:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several laboratories recently identified that astrocytes are critical regulators of addiction machinery. It is now known that astrocyte pathology is a common feature of ethanol (EtOH) exposure in both humans and animal models, as even brief EtOH exposure is sufficient to elicit long-lasting perturbations in astrocyte gene expression, activity, and proliferation. Astrocytes were also recently shown to modulate the motivational properties of EtOH and other strongly reinforcing stimuli. Given the role of astrocytes in regulating glutamate homeostasis, a crucial component of alcohol use disorder (AUD), astrocytes might be an important target for the development of next-generation alcoholism treatments. This review will outline some of the more prominent features displayed by astrocytes, how these properties are influenced by acute and long-term EtOH exposure, and future directions that may help to disentangle astrocytic from neuronal functions in the etiology of AUD.
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- Ahlner, Felicia, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Increased Alcohol Consumption Among Swedish 70-Year-Olds 1976 to 2016: Analysis of Data from The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, Sweden
- 2018
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In: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008. ; 42:12, s. 2403-2412
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2018 by the Research Society on Alcoholism Background: The older adult population is increasing worldwide, as is the number of older adults who consume alcohol. Although there is a growing body of research on alcohol consumption among older people, few studies focus on changes in at-risk consumption over time across well-defined birth cohorts of older adults. Methods: This study used a serial cross-sectional design in order to compare alcohol consumption patterns among birth cohorts of Swedish 70-year-olds (total n=2,268) examined in 1976 to 1977 (n=393), 1992 to 1993 (n=248), 2000 to 2002 (n=458), and 2014 to 2016 (n=1,169). Participants took part in a multidisciplinary study on health and aging. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by healthcare professionals. Protocols regarding alcohol consumption were similar for all cohorts. The volume of weekly alcohol consumption was estimated during the past month. At-risk consumption was defined as ≥100g alcohol/wk corresponding roughly to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism definition of heavy consumption. Results: The proportion of at-risk consumers among men increased from 16.1% in 1976 to 1977 to 29.9% in 2000 to 2002 (p=0.001) and 45.3% in 2014 to 2016 (p<0.001). In women, proportions were low in 1976 to 1977 (0.5%) and 1992 to 1993 (2.0%; p=0.134), but increased to 9.5% in 2000 to 2002 (p<0.001) and 24.3% in 2014 to 2016 (p<0.001). The male:female ratio regarding consumption of ≥100g/wk decreased from 32.2:1 in 1976 to 1977 to 3.1:1 in 2000 to 2002 to 1.9:1 in 2014 to 2016. Spirit consumption decreased dramatically among men during the study period, while women reported very low spirit consumption at all examinations. Wine consumption increased in both sexes between 2000 to 2002 and 2014 to 2016. Beer consumption increased among men between 2000 to 2002 and 2014 to 2016. Conclusions: Recent cohorts of 70-year-olds in Sweden report significantly higher levels of alcohol consumption than previous cohorts. There was a dramatic increase in at-risk consumption among 70-year-olds from the 1970s to the mid-2010s, and this was particularly pronounced among women.
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- Allebeck, P, et al.
(author)
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Alcohol and fetal damage
- 1998
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In: Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. - 0145-6008. ; 22:77 Suppl, s. 329S-332S
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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