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- Bäärnhielm, Sofie, et al.
(author)
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Introducing a psychological agenda for understanding somatic symptoms--an area of conflict for clinicians in relation to patients in a multicultural community.
- 2008
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In: Cult Med Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-005X .- 1573-076X. ; 32:3, s. 386-405
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ntroducing a psychological agenda for understanding somatic symptoms--an area of conflict for clinicians in relation to patients in a multicultural community.Bäärnhielm S, Ekblad S.Transcultural Center, Stockholm County Council, St Göran's Hospital, Floor 13, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden. sofie.baarnhielm@sll.seCulturally capable care requires that clinicians possess insights into patients' reasoning about illness. It is universally common for emotional distress to be expressed in terms of somatic symptoms. Converting meanings of illness from a somatic to a psychological agenda for understanding distress may be complicated for patients. Objectives of this study were to explore (a) professionals' experiences of encountering patients who use a bodily idiom for emotional distress in a multicultural milieu and their ascriptions of meaning and (b) how professionals impart their agenda of illness meaning to patients. Data were collected by seven focus-group interviews with professionals working in a multicultural suburban area of Stockholm, Sweden, and analyzed in two steps. The first step was content analysis. The second step was an inductive analysis with a revised grounded theory approach. Results showed that the caregivers stressed the importance of constructing a working alliance with the patient. With few exceptions, this did not include a patient-centered approach by the staff for exploring patients' perspectives and understandings of illness. Current knowledge about the importance of gaining insights into patients' perspectives was not implemented. Results of this study point to the importance of implementing new knowledge and according priority to research on the outcomes of that implementation.
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| 2. |
- Friberg, Torbjörn
(author)
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Burnout : From Popular Culture to Psychiatric Diagnosis in Sweden
- 2009
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In: Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 0165-005X .- 1573-076X. ; 33:4, s. 538-558
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article aims to understand how burn-out became an object of thought, through the study of certain processes of legitimization. It traces the genealogy of the burn-out concept from the initial article from 1974, via its confirmation as a “disease” in the 1980s, to its appearance as a legitimate diagnosis in Sweden in 1997. The theoretical framework is that of applied metaphysics, which means a study on how a specific phenomenon came into being. Consequently, I take departure from ontology in motion with an approach that concerns the legitimization processes. The conclusion will show the underlying processes of legitimization in relation to the making of a psychiatric object of thought in Swedish society.
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| 6. |
- Schaffler, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Traumatic experiences and somatoform dissociation among spirit possession practitioners in the Dominican Republic
- 2016
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In: Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-005X .- 1573-076X. ; , s. 74-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent studies in African contexts have revealed a strong association between spirit possession and severe trauma, with inclusion into a possession cult serving at times a therapeutic function. Research on spirit possession in the Dominican Republic has so far not included quantitative studies of trauma and dissociation. This study evaluated demographic variables, somatoform dissociative symptoms, and potentially traumatizing events in the Dominican Republic with a group of Vodou practitioners that either do or do not experience spirit possession. Inter-group comparisons revealed that in contrast to non-possessed participants (n = 38), those experiencing spirit possession (n = 47) reported greater somatoform dissociation, more problems with sleep, and previous exposure to mortal danger such as assaults, accidents, or diseases. The two groups did not differ significantly in other types of trauma. The best predictor variable for group classification was somatoform dissociation, although those items could also reflect the experience of followers during a possession episode. A factor analysis across variables resulted in three factors: having to take responsibility early on in life and taking on a professional spiritual role; traumatic events and pain; and distress/dissociation. In comparison with the non-possessed individuals, the possessed ones did not seem to overall have a remarkably more severe story of trauma and seemed to derive economic gains from possession practice.
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| 7. |
- Strand, M, et al.
(author)
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Could the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview Hold Therapeutic Potential? Suggestions for Further Exploration and Adaptation Within a Framework of Therapeutic Assessment
- 2022
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In: Culture, medicine and psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-076X .- 0165-005X. ; 46:4, s. 846-863
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is a person-centered instrument for systematically appraising the impact of cultural factors in psychiatric assessment. A number of key areas in the future development of the CFI have been identified in order to ensure further clinical uptake. In this paper, we suggest that applying a Therapeutic Assessment (TA) approach in using the CFI—i.e., framing the interview in a way that gives primacy to its self-transformative potential by explicitly focusing on those issues that are seen as the most urgent, relevant, and meaningful by the patient—could prove helpful in alleviating patients’ suffering beyond what is achieved by merely collecting relevant cultural information that may inform diagnosis and subsequent treatment interventions. The TA methodology has been designed as a collaborative approach to psychological assessment in which the assessment procedure itself is meant to induce therapeutic change. This is achieved by explicitly focusing on the particular questions and queries that patients have about themselves with respect to their mental health problems or psychosocial well-being; these questions are then allowed to guide the assessment process and the interpretation of the findings. We suggest a number of potential modifications to the related Outline for Cultural Formulation and to the CFI content that could strengthen a TA-inspired focus. With this paper, we do not claim to offer a definitive integration of the TA approach in using the CFI but hope to further the discussion of a therapeutic potential of the instrument.
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| 8. |
- Strand, M
(author)
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Food and Trauma: Anthropologies of Memory and Postmemory
- 2023
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In: Culture, medicine and psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-076X .- 0165-005X. ; 47:2, s. 466-494
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Much has been written about the multifaceted significance of food and eating from an anthropological perspective; the same can be said about the role of food in collective identity construction and nation building. In contrast, the nexus of food, memory, psychological trauma, and disordered eating has been less explored. The aim of this interdisciplinary article is to synthesize available knowledge on this topic by engaging with research literature in fields such as food history, anthropology, sociology, and psychiatry as well as autobiographical works, cookbooks, etc. One main section of the article focuses on the role of food and cooking in exile and refuge. Another section deals with the role of food in the aftermath of historical trauma, whereas a final section discusses various works on disordered eating in the wake of traumatic experiences. In sum, the dual nature of food and cooking—at once concrete and abstract, material and symbolic—offers an arena in which ambivalent memories of trauma can take on tangible form. The concept of postmemory may be useful in understanding how food and cooking can function both as a vehicle and as a remedy for intergenerational trauma.
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| 9. |
- Strand, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Mukbang and Disordered Eating : A Netnographic Analysis of Online Eating Broadcasts
- 2020
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In: Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 0165-005X .- 1573-076X. ; 44:4, s. 586-609
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mukbang is a recent Internet phenomenon in which video recordings of hosts eating large amounts of food are streamed on an online video platform. It originated in South Korea around 2014 and has since become a global trend. The aim of this study was to explore how viewers of mukbang videos relate their audience experiences to symptoms of disordered eating. A qualitative analysis of YouTube comments and Reddit posts on the topic of mukbang and disordered eating was performed, employing a netnographic approach. Two overarching themes were identified: a viewer perspective, by which users discuss mukbang without describing any personal involvement, and a participant perspective, by which users describe their own experiences of affects and behaviors in response to watching mukbang. Several topical categories emerged, describing how watching mukbang can both limit and increase eating, reduce loneliness and guilt, and become self-destructive. For some, mukbang appears to be a constructive tool in increasing food intake, preventing binge eating, or reducing loneliness; for others, it is clearly a destructive force that may motivate restrictive eating or trigger a relapse into loss-of-control eating. Notably, watching mukbang is not necessarily experienced as either helpful or destructive, but instead as simultaneously useful and hurtful.
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