| 1. |
- Helin, I, et al.
(författare)
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Muco-epidermoid tumour of the bronchus
- 1984
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876. ; 7:3, s. 289-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 7-year-old boy with recurrent pneumonia of the right lower lobe is described. At bronchoscopy a small tumour almost totally obliterating the right lower lobe was detected. Surgical treatment was undertaken. Histopathologic studies showed findings consistent with those of a muco-epidermoid tumour. The case emphasizes bronchoscopy as an important investigation in children with recurrent pneumonia. It also shows the importance of performing the bronchoscopy during a prolonged course of antibiotic prophylaxis in order to ensure a minimum of infected mucus within the bronchi. This report is completed with a short review of the literature on muco-epidermoid tumours of the bronchus in children. Their favourable prognosis and very low malignant potential is underlined.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Brown, C., et al.
(författare)
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On the physics of the infant feeding bottle and middle ear sequela : Ear disease in infants can be associated with bottle feeding
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 54:1, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: When using conventional feeding bottles, negative pressure is generated in the oral cavity, as well as, in the bottle when fluid is removed by sucking. The negative pressure inside the bottle causes the infant to suck excessively and the intraoral negative pressure may subsequently be transmitted to the middle ear via the eustachian tube. Methods: In seven infants, simultaneous pressure recordings were performed in the feeding vessel and the middle ear using three types of feeding bottles. Results: With conventional non-ventilated and under-ventilated bottles a negative pressure formed while the infant sucked and negative intratympanic pressure was frequently generated. Conclusions: It is suggested that this sequence of events may lead to secretory otitis and it's accompanying consequences. In contrast, a fully ventilated bottle showed positive pressure throughout the feeding procedure, which is similar to normal breast-feeding, and negative pressure changes were not recorded in the middle ear.
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| 4. |
- Bunne, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Variability of Eustachian tube function in children with secretory otitis media. Evaluations at tube insertion and at follow-up
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 52:2, s. 131-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Despite the variable clinical course of diseases related to Eustachian tube function, the variability of tubal function has been less focused than outcomes of single tests. This study aimed to compare the passive and active tubal function and its variability in children with secretory otitis media (SOM) at tube insertion and at follow-up. Method: Thirty-eight ears in 19 children aged 4-10 years (mean 7.0 years) with long-standing SOM were examined 4-6 h after tube insertion, at 4 months and at 9 months. The pressure in the middle ear and the nasopharynx were recorded while performing (1) forced opening test, (2) equalization of +100 and −100 daPa, (3) Valsalva test, and (4) sniff test. The procedure was repeated after 30 min. Relationships were analyzed by uni- and multi-variate analysis of variance. Results: From tube insertion to 4 months, the mean forced opening pressure increased from 282±128 to 355±153 daPa (P<0.01), and the mean closing pressure from 91±51 to 126±82 daPa (P<0.01). There was no further change at 9 months. Female gender, serous effusion (in contrast to mucoid), and more than three previous episodes of acute otitis media were related to higher opening and closing pressures. At tube insertion, 60% and 16% equalized +100 and −100 daPa, respectively, and 28% succeeded in performing Valsalva inflation. The sniff test was positive in 32%, indicating a closing failure. These rates did not change significantly over time. For individual ears, outcomes of all tests varied considerably when retested after 30 min; Po changed by ±12% and Pc by ±26%, and 9-29% of the ears changed from a positive to negative response, or vice versa, in the equalization, Valsalva, and sniff tests. Conclusions: The unexpected finding of weaker closing forces at the day of tube insertion and increased tubal resistance at follow-up might be ascribed to changes in the muco-adhesive forces related to the disease and tube treatment. The pronounced intra-individual variability of test outcomes indicates that tubal function is dynamic and variable in ears prone to SOM, which emphasizes that results of single tubal function tests have very low prognostic value.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Forséni, M., et al.
(författare)
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Detection and localization of interleukin-6 in the rat middle ear during experimental acute otitis media, using mRNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 57:2, s. 115-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Otitis media is one of the most common diseases among children. A well-known sequela of acute, chronic, and secretory otitis media is tympanosclerosis. With the exception of surgery, there is no causal treatment available for this condition, which may cause hearing disabilities. This study aimed to describe the localization of interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA and its gene product in the rat middle ear during pneumococcal otitis media. IL-6 is known to be involved in inflammatory and bone remodeling processes. METHODS: Using an experimental model of pneumococcal acute otitis media, the expression of interleukin IL-6, was analyzed. Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed at different time points varying from 1 h to 6 days intervals after inoculation. The middle ears were analyzed by messenger RNA in situ hybridization, and by immunohistochemistry with cell-type specific antibodies directed against IL-6. RESULTS: Transcripts of IL-6 were observed only on day 1 post-inoculation, whereas the final gene product was observed at all intervals after inoculation. IL-6 was localized in the bony part of the bulla nearest to the mucosa, around mucosal vessels, and in the ciliae of the mucosal epithelium. The results demonstrated that IL-6 was synthesized locally as early as 1 h after bacterial middle ear challenge, and that although transcription could not be detected after 24 h, the cytokine product persisted for at least 5 days after the infection was introduced. CONCLUSIONS: IL-6 was shown to be produced early in the inflammatory process during induced pneumococcal otitis media in the rat. No production was seen after 24 h although the protein remained in the tissue for at least 5 days. IL-6 could initiate a differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts and thereby participate in a bone remodeling process leading to tympanosclerosis development.
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| 8. |
- Hedin-Skogman, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Acute facial palsy in children - a 2-year follow-up study with focus on Lyme neuroborreliosis
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876. ; 67:6, s. 597-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Acute facial palsy in children is believed to be a rather benign neurological condition. Follow-up-studies are sparse, especially including a thorough otoneurological re-examination. The aim of this study was to examine children with a history of facial palsy in order to register the incidence of complete recovery and the severity and nature of sequelae. We also wanted to investigate whether there was a correlation between sequelae and Lyme Borreliosis, treatment or other health problems. Methods: Twenty-seven children with a history of facial palsy were included. A re-examination was performed by an Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) specialist 1–2.9 years (median 2) after the acute facial palsy. The otoneurological examination included grading the three branches of the facial nerve with the House-Brackman score, otomicroscopy and investigation with Frenzel glasses. A paediatrician interviewed the families. Medical files were analysed. Result: The incidence of complete recovery was 78% at the 2-year follow-up. In six out of 27 children (22%), the facial nerve function was mildly or moderately impaired. Four children reported problems with tear secretion and pronunciation. There was no correlation between sequelae after the facial palsy and gender, age, related symptoms, Lyme neuroborreliosis (NB), treatment, other health problems or performance. Conclusion: One fifth of children with an acute facial palsy get a permanent dysfunction of the facial nerve. Other neurological symptoms or health problems do not accompany the sequelae of the facial palsy. Lyme NB or treatment seems to have no correlation to clinical outcome. Factors of importance for complete recovery after an acute facial palsy are still not known.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hultcrantz, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy? : a randomized study comparing postoperative pain and long-term effects
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 51:3, s. 171-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: tonsillectomy (TE) is currently the most common treatment for children with snoring and sleep apnea. Many of these children have not had any severe throat infections. To cure such children from their obstructive problems, without influencing the immunological function of the tonsils, tonsillotomy (TT) with CO2-laser was performed in a randomized study comparing it to regular tonsillectomy, with special attention to postoperative pain and symptom recurrence. Method: 41 children 3.5–8 years-old were included — 21 ‘TT’s’ and 20 ‘TE’s’. They were all operated under the same anesthesia and followed the same postoperative scheme for analgesia. A visual analogue scale for pain measurements with faces was used for the first 24 h. After that, each day until pain-free, the parents registered the child’s pain on a three graded scale, what the child was able to eat, and the amount of analgesic drugs used. Results: all the children were cured from their breathing obstruction. The mean time used for the surgery was the same and no postoperative bleeding was seen in either group. ‘TT children’ were pain-free after 5 days and ‘TE children’ after 8 days. Eight to ten days after surgery, the TT-children had gained weight and the TE children lost weight significantly. The TE group used twice as much analgesic drugs as the TT group during the first postoperative week. The TT group was healed with normal-looking, but small tonsils after 8–10 days; the TE group often still showed edema and crusts. At the one-year follow-up 2/21among the ‘TT-children’ snored, but did not require re-surgery. Conclusion: tonsillotomy is much less painful than TE and children recover more quickly. Results with respect to breathing obstruction are almost the same for both methods at 1-year follow-up.
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