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| 2. |
- Bood, Sven-Åke, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Flotation REST (Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique) on Stress Related Muscle Pain : Are 33 flotation sessions more effective as compared to 12 sessions?
- 2007
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In: Social behavior and personality. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 35:2, s. 143-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not 33 flotation sessions were more effective for stress-related ailments than 12 sessions. Participants were 37 patients, 29 women and 8 men, all diagnosed as having stress-related pain of a muscle tension type. The patients were randomized to one of two conditions: 12 flotation-REST treatments or 33 flotation-REST treatments. Analyses for subjective pain typically indicated that 12 sessions were enough to get considerable improvements and no further improvements were noticed after 33 sessions. A similar pattern was observed concerning the stress-related psychological variables: experienced stress, anxiety, depression, negative affectivity, dispositional optimism, and sleep quality. For blood pressure no effects were observed after 12 sessions, but there was a significant lower level for diastolic blood pressure after 33 sessions. The present study highlighted the importance of finding suitable complementary treatments in order to make further progress after the initial 12 sessions.
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| 3. |
- Bäccman, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Expectations of romantic relationships : A comparison between homosexual and heterosexual men with regard to Baxter´s criteria.
- 1999
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In: Social behavior and personality. - Palmerston North. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 27:4, s. 363-347
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- According to Baxter (1986) every relationship has rules which must be followed. If at least one of these rules is broken, it gives the individual the right to breadup the relationship. Baxter identified eight such rules or criteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the expectations of romantic relationships held by homosexual men can be linked to Baxter's criteria. Data were obtained through a questionnaire addressed to 31 homosexual men and 50 heterosexual men. Results indicated that Baxter's criteria can be linked to expectations of romantic relationships held by men regardless of sexual orientation, and that age and experience are more reliable predictors than is sexual orientation.
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| 4. |
- Dennhag, Inga, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring gender stereotypes about interpersonal behavior and personality factors using digital matched-guise techniques
- 2019
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In: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 47:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study explores gender stereotypes among Swedish university students (n=101) studying a course in psychology, using a matched-guise experimental design. The gender identity of a speaker in a dialogue, manifested by voice, was digitally manipulated to sound male or female. Responses to the recordings indicated that an actor with a male voice was rated significantly less conscientious, agreeable, extraverted, and open to experience than the same actor with a female voice. On social behavior, there was a tendency for the actor with a male voice to be rated as more hostile than the same actor with a female voice. The study suggests that stereotype effects rather than real behavioral differences may have an impact on perceived gender differences.
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| 5. |
- Hansen, Eric M., et al.
(author)
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Actors and observers : Divergent attributions of constrained unfriendly behavior.
- 2001
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In: Social behavior and personality. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 29:1, s. 87-104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In light of previous attribution research, the authors investigated whether individuals make different causal inferences about their own, as opposed to other people's, constrained interpersonal behavior. Fifty-seven male and 59 female introductory psychology students were randomly assigned to act either friendly or unfriendly as they interacted with a same-sex confederate whose behavior was also contained. Participants assessed their own, and the confederates', behavior during the interaction and general dispositions. Consistent with previous research on the correspondence bias or fundamental attribution error, and the actor-observer bias, dispositional influences played a more prominent role in participants' attributions concerning the confederates' behavior than their own. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, as are the implications of these findings on interpersonal relations.
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| 6. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(author)
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An empirical exploration of the effect of personality on general and job-related mental ill-health
- 2006
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In: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 34:9, s. 1051-1069
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present study it was empirically explored how work-situation dimensions, personality dimensions, and personality-by-situation interactions are related to burnout and general mental ill health. Questionnaire data from 694 subjects were analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses. The results suggest that: (a) personality should not be disregarded in theoretical discussions and empirical studies of burnout and general mental ill health; (b) personality can, to some extent, condition how the work environment dimensions affect an individual with regard to various aspects of burnout and general mental ill health; (c) attention should be given to the fact that some measures of burnout and mental ill health are more dependent on situational factors while other measures are more dependent on personality factors.
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Kristoffer, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Do highly sensitive persons experience more non-ordinary states of consciousness during sensory isolation?
- 2014
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In: Social behavior and personality. - : Society for Personality Research. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 42:9, s. 1495-1506
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our aim was to investigate whether or not highly sensitive persons experienced more nonordinary/altered states of consciousness (ASC) during 45 minutes of sensory isolation in a flotation tank, than did less sensitive persons. Psychology students (N = 57) were allocated to 1 of 2 groups (high and low levels of sensitivity) depending on their score on the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. Prior to the flotation session participants completed questionnaires to assess their degree of depression, anxiety, optimism, absorption, and how often they had experienced a mystical state. After the flotation session we assessed degree of ASC. The main finding was that the highly sensitive individuals experienced significantly more ASC during flotation than did the individuals in the low sensitivity group. Further, the highly sensitive participants had significantly more absorption and anxiety, and had experienced mystical states more frequently prior to flotation, in comparison to individuals with low-level sensitivity.
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| 8. |
- Kazemi, Ali, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Group Goal and Resource Valence on Allocation Preferences in Public Good Dilemmas
- 2007
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In: Social behavior and personality. - : Society for Personality Research. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 35:6, s. 803-818
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research has not been conclusive as to whether people prefer different or identical allocation principles in distributions of positive and negative outcomes. Thus, in this study, the question of whether or not group goal accounts for preferred allocation of positive and negative outcomes was posed. As hypothesized for division of surpluses, the results showed that relationship-oriented goals predicted preferences for equality, whereas performance oriented goals predicted preferences for equity. Moreover, the results were the same for allocation of deficits. This suggests that people implicitly have different orientations, or goals, in mind in group situations that similarly influence the way they prefer to allocate positive and negative outcomes. The results also showed that participants allocating deficits deviated to a larger extent from the allocation principles than did participants allocating surpluses.
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| 9. |
- Li, Ziyang, et al.
(author)
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Using a computer scoring system to correlate stress response and indicators in the Draw-a-Person-in-the-Rain Test
- 2021
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In: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 49:1, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We designed a computer scoring system to examine the correlation between the Draw-a-Person-in-the-Rain (DAPR) Test stress indicators and the Stress Reaction Questionnaire. Participants were 155 undergraduate college students in China. We extracted and calculated the following stress indicators as depicted in the DAPR artworks: number of raindrops, average distance between raindrops, average raindrop length, and area covered by raindrops. Results demonstrate that the level of stress response had significant positive correlations with the number of raindrops, the average distance between raindrops, and the area covered by raindrops. There was no significant correlation between stress response and the average raindrop length. Satisfactory positive correlations between the DAPR stress indicators and stress response indicate that the software scoring system of DAPR is objective and accurate. The use of software in assessing DAPR artworks may solve the problem of interrater reliability and may improve the scientificity of this technique.
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| 10. |
- Matlabi, H., et al.
(author)
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Experiences of extra care housing residents aged fifty-five an over with home-based technology
- 2012
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In: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 40:2, s. 293-300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Technological interventions could help older people live independently. In this study with 160 people aged 55 and over who were living in extra care housing in England we aimed to explore awareness of, access to, attitudes towards availability, and use of home-based technological (HBT) devices, and factors that influence the use of devices. A quantitatively designed and structured questionnaire was developed for this study. The majority of new HBT devices were not available in living units or schemes. Moreover, most basic appliances and emergency call systems were used in the living units. We found that in order to increase the use of technological devices among the elderly, their perceptions, capabilities, attitudes, and needs should be assessed in the designing, planning, and supplying process.
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