| 1. |
- Rova, Carl, et al.
(author)
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When regulation fails : vendace fishery in the Gulf of Bothnia
- 2001
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In: Marine Policy. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 25:5, s. 323-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fishing of vendace (Coregonus albula), in the Gulf of Bothnia, is a good illustration of the presumption that institutional arrangements that are too inflexible to cope with changing ecological conditions, are unlikely to prosper. Although the vendace fishing is regulated by the State, catches have decreased dramatically, and there is a considerable fear that the resource is about to be depleted. This article discusses how the present institutional arrangement affects collective action and why political solutions seem to have failed. The vendace case illustrates that even a rather limited resource concentrated in a limited area is unlikely to be sustainably managed by top-down regulation performed by the State. It is concluded that changes in management practices that are obvious from the perspective of ecosystem management might turn out to be unfeasible, given the multi-stakeholder character of the, gi management system. From this article it can also be concluded that resilience theory and experiences from long-enduring CPRs correspond very well with each other. Finally, it is discussed whether it is meaningful to talk about institutional, or managerial, resilience uncoupled from the ecosystem it is supposed to be managed. If an ecosystem, like the vendace, that is subject to human activity loses its resilience this would automatically indicate the socio-economic system, as manifested in management practices, has already lost its ability to adapt. Thus, social and ecological resilience are communicating vessels but not perhaps as the concept might be understood according to a popular call for increased institutional resilience in natural resource management.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, N, et al.
(author)
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Prawn postlarvae fishing in coastal Bangladesh : Challenges for sustainable livelihoods
- 2010
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In: Marine Policy. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 34:2, s. 218-227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fishing for prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) postlarvae is a major contributor to the livelihoods of the coastal poor in Bangladesh, including women. A study of coastal livelihoods along the lower Pasur River in southwest Bangladesh indicates that on average 40% of total annual income comes from postlarvae fishing during the few months involved. However, indiscriminate fishing of wild postlarvae, with high levels of by-catch, has an impact on biodiversity in coastal ecosystems. This has provoked imposition of restrictions on postlarvae collection. The ban has, however, not been firmly enforced because of the lack of alternative livelihoods for coastal poor. A conceptual framework, drawn from an approach to poverty reduction known as the sustainable livelihoods approach, is applied to understanding the role of prawn postlarvae fishing. Evidence from this study suggests that postlarvae fishers faced a number of livelihood constraints, including poor livelihood assets. This paper concludes that wider livelihood options need to be found for postlarvae fishers to support their livelihoods.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alati, Victor Mwakha, et al.
(author)
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Gender analysis in fisheries : The case of the shelled mollusc fisheries in Kenya
- 2023
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In: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analysing gender in small-scale fisheries (SSF) is vital for understanding the contributions of women and men and detecting potential inequalities. In this study, the shelled mollusc fishery was examined through the gender lens using quantitative and qualitative data collected from 132 shelled mollusc fishers accross five sites in coastal Kenya. In Kenya, both women and men participate in shelled mollusc fisheries. The study incorporated in its analyses the main components that intersect with gender to investigate whether similarities and differences exist in SSF in coastal Kenya in terms of access to shelled mollusc fisheries resources and the distribution of monetary benefits from the fishery. Most women respondents (73%, n = 91) relied on shelled mollusc fishing as their primary occupation compared to men (17%, n = 41) whose primary occupation was finfish fishing (69%, n = 41). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between women and men fishers in terms of income per individual fisher, time spent fishing, the number of species caught per individual fisher, as well as the monetary value of shells caught. There are several similarities between women and men in this fishery, but with a very important distinction that women more often consider this fishery their primary occupation. Thus, women constitute a large and important part of this fishery in Kenya. To advance coastal and fisheries management, it is essential that women, as well as gender aspects, are included in policy and decision-making processes related to SSF.
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| 5. |
- Almeida, Cheila, et al.
(author)
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The seafood market in Portugal : Driving forces and consequences
- 2015
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In: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 61, s. 87-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Portugal has the third highest seafood consumption per capita in the world and current patterns of seafood consumption are linked to how seafood products were embodied in the Portuguese society. The objective of this research is to understand Portuguese seafood consumption's main drivers and its consequences. For that official statistics were analyzed and a literature review on seafood consumption was undertaken. Portuguese seafood consumption is characterized by a wide diversity of species and preparing modes, when compared to other countries in Europe. Cod (salted and dried), does not exist in Portuguese waters but due to several factors, such as politics, religion and tradition, became the main species in Portuguese seafood consumption, representing around 38% of the national seafood demand. Five drivers are suggested to explain why Portuguese eat so much seafood: geography, marine resources, fisheries, social forces and politics; and consequences for the environment, economy and health are discussed. Hence while most dietary recommendations advise an increase in fish consumption is not applicable to Portugal and a more sustainable seafood consumption for the future is advocated.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Does fishery activity affect local tourism? Evidence from Denmark
- 2024
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In: Marine Policy. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 161
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fishery and tourism coexist in many harbors. Active fishing vessels may attract tourists, which may also provide income to hotels and restaurants. This paper analyzes whether fisheries affect tourism by investigating the effect of the presence of active vessels on overnight stays in coastal areas of Denmark. The analysis is based on monthly panel data from 2016 to 2021 divided into postal code areas. Estimating a double logarithmic model accounting for fixed effects, it is found that when the number of fishing vessels belonging to a harbor in a postal code area increases by 1%, overnight stays in the same area increase by 0.11%, and when the number of fishing vessels landing in an area increases by 1%, overnight stays increase by 0.08%. Our results suggest that tourism is significantly positively affected by having active fishing vessels landing in local harbors. This implies that by considering the interactive effects of fisheries and tourism when designing fisheries policy, society might attain economic gains, potentially resulting in a larger fleet than what would be optimal solely from a fisheries perspective.
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| 7. |
- Ardron, Jeff A., et al.
(author)
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The sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity in ABNJ: What can be achieved using existing international agreements?
- 2014
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In: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9460 .- 0308-597X. ; 49, s. 98-108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While the international community debates the desirability and possible content of a new global instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, alternative approaches to improving the application and implementation of existing agreements for the protection of biodiversity appear to have fallen off the agenda. Recent practice under existing global and regional agreements suggests that, given political will, significantly greater protections could be achieved through the more effective implementation of individual sectoral agreements. However, while single-sector measures have the potential to make a valuable contribution, ultimately only multi-sectoral, integrated, cooperative management can ensure the conservation and long-term sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. This requires establishing mechanisms for cooperation both intra and inter-sectorally, as well as between the sectoral and global and regional conservation agreements. This paper examines recent initiatives within various sectoral and conservation treaty regimes aimed at improving their application within ABNJ as well as some of the challenges to, and options for, further and better cooperation and coordination among and between existing regimes, and it identifies a range of possible mechanisms for achieving more effective implementation and coordination among them. Greater use of existing mechanisms represents a sensible approach to making the most of existing arrangements without in any way foreclosing the possibility of the adoption of a more comprehensive, integrated global agreement for the protection of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Arguello, Gabriela, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Regulation of ships at anchor: Safety and environmental implications
- 2022
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In: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ships waiting at anchor are associated with considerable environmental pressures and impacts. Growing and congested anchoring areas are receiving increasing scholarly attention to understand the environmental effects caused by large sea-going ships anchoring in coastal waters. While there is a lack of studies addressing the entire spectrum of environmental pressures and impacts from ships at anchor, ranging from scouring of the seafloor, operational emissions and discharges and waste from maintenance carried out while at anchor, it is well established that anchoring is associated with such pressures. This article takes a problem-oriented approach since there are potential cumulative environmental impacts of ships waiting at anchor. From both a public and private law perspective, we examine the legal structures and challenges associated with the regulation of ships waiting at anchor. We also analyze the public and private law factors that may limit the ability to prevent harmful anchoring practices. Our examination shows that while coastal states have significant jurisdictional powers to regulate anchoring in coastal waters, the current international regulatory framework addresses anchoring incidentally and lacks mechanisms for considering the cumulative impacts of anchoring. Furthermore, the incentives for ships to spend a considerable amount of time at anchor appear to differ substantially across different types of charterparties. Improved regulation requires better scientific knowledge, substantial mapping of legal structures, and a stakeholder survey providing a basis for the exploration of potential contractual practices that may reduce market incentives for anchoring.
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| 9. |
- Arnason, Ragnar, et al.
(author)
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Strong user rights in fisheries: An editorial note
- 2024
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In: MARINE POLICY. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 161
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This is an editorial note for the special issue: Strong User Rights in Fisheries (SURFs). SURFs are rights that constitute a subset of the wider category of rights in fisheries. Being held by the existing operators in the fishery, SURFs may be more acceptable than other fisheries rights. The special issue contains eight (8) papers addressing various issues concerning SURFs such as the theoretical and analytical properties of SURFs, empirical verification of SURF theory, case studies of the impacts of SURFs and challenges to achieve agreements in international fisheries required for the establishment of SURFs.
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| 10. |
- Bachmann-Vargas, Pamela, et al.
(author)
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Re-framing salmon aquaculture in the aftermath of the ISAV crisis in Chile
- 2021
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In: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 124
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Globally, aquaculture is expanding rapidly, with salmon becoming one of the most dynamic and fast-growing production systems in the world. Despite its commercial success, Chilean salmon production has navigated through severe economic and sanitary crises; followed by consecutive policy changes. Between 2007 and 2009, the rapid spread and the multiple effects of the Infectious Salmon Anemia virus (ISAV) marked a tipping point in the trajectory of the salmon aquaculture in southern Chile. This paper examines the discursive mechanisms through which the Chilean salmon aquaculture industry is currently being re-framed in the aftermath of the ISAV crisis, with a focus on searching for the emergence of ecosystem-related elements post crisis. The analysis shows that Chilean salmon aquaculture is being re-framed by the reproduction of three main discourses: biosecurity, sustainable protein and The Promise of Patagonia. The paper concludes that despite the staggering effects of the ISAV crisis on the national salmon production and on coastal communities more than a decade ago, new discourses are focused on the legitimization to growth, in the absence of integrated marine ecosystem-related elements, indicating a crucial gap toward environmental sustainability in salmon aquaculture.
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