| 1. |
- Berndtson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Experimental colonization of mice with Campylobacter jejuni
- 1994
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 41:1-2, s. 183-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ability of one human and two chicken strains of Campylobacter jejuni to colonise and survive in three different strains of laboratory mice (NMRI, CBA and C57-Black) was studied. Mice were inoculated orally with Campylobacter jejuni and faeces samples were cultured at regular intervals during the following months. The length of colonisation of mice differed between mouse strains but also between Campylobacter strains. The mouse strain C57-Black was not colonised with C. jejuni to the same degree as the other mouse strains. It is concluded that mice can become colonised for prolonged periods and that they may act as reservoirs of Campylobacter for other species.
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| 2. |
- Eld, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of a cold enrichment method and the IDF method for isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from autopsy material
- 1993
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 36:1-2, s. 185-189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The method most often used in Sweden for isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from animal autopsy material is a cold enrichment method. This method is very slow. The International Dairy Federation (IDF) has recently presented a method for detection of L. monocytogenes in milk and milk products that is complete in one week. During a two year period 69 specimens from dead animals with suspected listeriosis were examined for L. monocytogenes in parallel analyses with both the cold enrichment method and the IDF method. Samples derived from different autopsy material representing a variety of animals. L. monocytogenes was isolated in 27.5% of the samples with the IDF method but only in 4.3% with the cold enrichment method. It is concluded that the IDF method was more sensitive than the cold enrichment method.
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| 3. |
- Abro, Shahid, hussain, et al.
(author)
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Emergence of novel strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Sweden
- 2012
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 155, s. 237-246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes avian infectious bronchitis, an important disease that produces severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Recent IBV infections in Sweden have been associated with poor growth in broilers, drop in egg production and thin egg shells in layers. The complete spike gene of selected isolates from IBV cases was amplified and sequenced using conventional RT-PCR. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons have shown that the recent isolates bear 98.97% genetic similarity with strains of the QX-like genotype. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains predominant in the nineties, which were of the Massachusetts type, have been replaced by D388/QX-Iike strains, however the evolutionary link could not be established. The homology between the two genotypes was 79 and 81%. Remarkably, a strong positive selection pressure was determined, mostly involving the S1 subunit of the S gene. This strong selective pressure resulted in recombination events, insertions and deletions in the S gene. Two new isolates generated from recombination were found with nucleotide sequence diverging 1.7-2.4% from the D388/QX-Iike branch, indicating the emergence of a new lineage. The study demonstrates a constant evolution of IBV that might be in relation to increased poultry farming, trade and vaccine pressure. The findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring to control spread of infections, as well as to timely adjust diagnostic methods, molecular epidemiological studies, development and use of vaccines that are adapted to the changing disease scenario. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Backhans, Annette, et al.
(author)
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Typing of Brachyspira spp. from rodents, pigs and chickens on Swedish farms
- 2011
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 153, s. 156-162
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the current study was to look for evidence of possible cross-species transmission of Brachyspira species between rodents and farm animals. To do this, previously collected and characterised Brachyspira isolates from rodents, pigs and chickens on the same farms were analysed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Isolates with similar RAPD banding patterns were further typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Identical isolates of Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira intermedia, Brachyspira murdochii and Brachyspira innocens from pigs and rodents and of B. murdochii from laying hens and rodents were found, indicating cross-species transmission at farm level. PFGE data from rodent isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae were compared with PFGE data from previously typed field isolates of B. hyodysenteriae from pigs with swine dysentery and isolates from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Three of four isolates of B. hyodysenteriae from rodents were similar to porcine field isolates by PFGE. PCR analyses of the plasmid-encoded and potential virulence determinants rib genes B, A, D and C showed that they were present in isolates of B. hyodysenteriae of porcine, mallard and rodent origin. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Bálint, Adám, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of two low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated in Hungary in 2007
- 2010
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 145, s. 142-147
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus strains, A/mallard/Hungary/19616/07 (H3N8) and A/mute swan/Hungary/5973/07 (H7N7), isolated as part of the National Surveillance Program in Hungary, were fully sequenced and characterized. The two viruses showed the closest phylogenetic relationship regarding their acidic polymerase genes. The H7N7 Hungarian virus and some H5N2 influenza viruses isolated from Korean pigs appeared to have their basic polymerase gene 1 from a relatively recent common ancestor. The matrix gene nucleotide sequence of each Hungarian virus showed close relationship with contemporaneous Czech H3N8 mallard isolates, which belonged to distinct phylogenetic branches. The non-structural protein genes belonged to different alleles, rendering a peculiar characteristic to the H7N7 isolate compared to the so far analyzed Eurasian H7 viruses. The surface glycoprotein genes of the H3N8 isolate showed a close phylogenetic relationship and high nucleotide identities to H3N8 subtype isolates from Northern Europe collected in 2003-2006, and to an H3N2 isolate in Italy in 2006, extending the perceptions of this HA subtype across Northern and Southern Europe close to this period. These findings provide further data to the diversity of influenza viruses found in wild migratory birds and present useful information for large scale studies on influenza virus evolution. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Belak, Sandor
(author)
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Epizotiology and phylogeny of equine arteritis virus in hucul horses
- 2011
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 148, s. 402-407
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to determine the situation of equine arteritis virus (EAV) infections in hucul horses. A total of 176 horses (154 mares and 22 stallions) from the biggest hucul horse stud in Poland were tested. Antibodies against EAV were detected in 97 (55.1%) horses. The EAV seroprevalence among mares was 53.2% while in stallions - 68.2%. The percentage of positive mares increased with their age, thus amongst the mares of less than 2 years of age the percentage was 32.5%, while in the group of 3-5 years old increased to 59.4% and in the mares in the age of 6-10 years and older than 10 years 89.5% and 95% were seropositive, respectively. Among 11 seropositive stallions five were supposed to be shedders of EAV with their semen. It is likely that those persistently infected stallions were the reservoirs of the virus in the stud. Genetic studies using of ORF5 gene showed high homology between the viruses detected in the semen of those stallions what suggested lateral transmission between the stallions sharing the same stable. Persistent infection in an immature stallion, which has not yet been used for breeding, was established as a result of infection via respiratory route. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all hucul viruses shared the same ancestor and as most of EAV strains dominating in Polish horse population belonged to the European origin EAV subgroup (EU-1). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Belak, Sandor, et al.
(author)
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Four different sublineages of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 introduced in Hungary in 2006–2007
- 2009
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 139, s. 24-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses were introduced to Hungary during 2006–2007 in three separate waves. This study aimed at determining the full-length genomic coding regions of the index strains from these epizootics in order to: (i) understand the phylogenetic relationship to other European H5N1 isolates, (ii) elucidate the possible connection between the different outbreaks and (iii) determine the putative origin and way of introduction of the different virus variants. Molecular analysis of the HA gene of Hungarian HPAI isolates obtained from wild birds during the first introduction revealed two groups designated Hungarian1 (HUN1) and Hungarian2 (HUN2) within sublineage 2.2B and clade 2.2.1, respectively. Sequencing the whole coding region of the two index viruses A/mute swan/Hungary/3472/2006 and A/mute swan/4571/Hungary/2006 suggests the role of wild birds in the introduction of HUN1 and HUN2 viruses: the most similar isolates to HUN1 and HUN2 group were found in wild avian species in Croatia and Slovakia, respectively. The second introduction of HPAI H5N1 led to the largest epizootic in domestic waterfowl in Europe. The index strain of the epizootic A/goose/Hungary/14756/2006 clustered to sublineage 2.2.A1 forming the Hungarian3 (HUN3) group. A common ancestry of HUN3 isolates with Bavarian strains is suggested as the most likely scenario of origin. Hungarian4 (HUN4) viruses isolated from the third introduction clustered with isolate A/turkey/United Kingdom/750/2007 forming a sublineage 2.2.A2. The origin and way of introduction of HUN4 viruses is still obscure, thus further genetic, phylogenetic, ecological and epidemiological data are required in order to elucidate it
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| 8. |
- Belak, Sandor, et al.
(author)
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New viruses in veterinary medicine, detected by metagenomic approaches
- 2013
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 165, s. 95-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In our world, which is faced today with exceptional environmental changes and dramatically intensifying globalisation, we are encountering challenges due to many new factors, including the emergence or re-emergence of novel, so far “unknown” infectious diseases. Although a broad arsenal of diagnostic methods is at our disposal, the majority of the conventional diagnostic tests is highly virus-specific or is targeted entirely towards a limited group of infectious agents. This specificity complicates or even hinders the detection of new or unexpected pathogens, such as new, emerging or re-emerging viruses or novel viral variants. The recently developed approaches of viral metagenomics provide an effective novel way to screen samples and detect viruses without previous knowledge of the infectious agent, thereby enabling a better diagnosis and disease control, in line with the “One World, One Health” principles (www.oneworldonehealth.org). Using metagenomic approaches, we have recently identified a broad variety of new viruses, such as novel bocaviruses, Torque Teno viruses, astroviruses, rotaviruses and kobuviruses in porcine disease syndromes, new virus variants in honeybee populations, as well as a range of other infectious agents in further host species. These findings indicate that the metagenomic detection of viral pathogens is becoming now a powerful, cultivation-independent, and useful novel diagnostic tool in veterinary diagnostic virology.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Björn, et al.
(author)
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High occurrence of mecC-MRSA in wild hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Sweden
- 2017
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 207, s. 103-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the occurrence of mecC-MRSA in wild hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Sweden and characterized the obtained isolates. Samples from 55 hedgehogs from five counties of Sweden were cultivated selectively for MRSA and putative isolates were confirmed by real-time PCR detecting mecA, mecC, nuc and PVL genes. mecC-MRSA was confirmed in 35 (64%) animals from three geographically separated counties. Confirmed isolates were spa-typed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution. Eight different spa-types were identified (t843, t978, t3391, t9111, t10751, t10893, t11015, t15312) of which t843 (49%) was the most common. The spa-types t843, t3391 and t978 were found in isolates from two counties. The study shows that mecC-MRSA is common in wild hedgehogs in two counties of Sweden but occurs in hedgehogs also in other parts of the country. Our findings suggest that hedgehogs could be a reservoir for mecC-MRSA. In addition, similar spa-types of isolates from hedgehogs and isolates previously described in domesticated animals and in humans indicates transfer between these populations.
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Longitudinal study of horses for carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus following wound infections
- 2013
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 163, s. 388-391
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The most sensitive sampling site was the nostrils, with a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.59-1.00). The other test sites had a sensitivity of 0-0.09. Individual cases tested positive, but with time all tested negative. The observed carriage time ranged from 55 to 711 days (median = 143, IQR: 111-172 days), but these data should be interpreted with caution since only a small number of cases were studied. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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