| 1. |
- Brandt, Y., et al.
(author)
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Effects of ACTH injections during estrus on concentrations and patterns of progesterone, estradiol, LH, and inhibin alpha and time of ovulation in the sow
- 2007
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In: Domestic Animal Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0739-7240 .- 1879-0054. ; 32:2, s. 122-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated whether injections of ACTH for 48 h, from the onset of the second standing estrus after weaning, had any impact on time of ovulation and patterns of progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), and inhibin a. The studied sows (n = 15) were fitted with jugular vein catheters and randomly divided into a control (C group) and an ACTH group. From the onset of standing estrus, the sows were injected (NaCl or synthetic ACTH, 5 mu g/kg) every 4 h; blood samples were collected immediately before and 45 min after each injection. Ovulation was monitored using ultrasonography. The ACTH-group sows stopped displaying signs of standing estrus sooner after ovulation in their second estrus, but no impact was found on time of ovulation. There were no significant differences in the intervals between LH peak, estradiol peak, and the onset of standing estrus between the C and ACTH groups. The cortisol and progesterone concentrations were significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) in samples taken 45 min after ACTH injection. There were minor differences in estradiol and LH concentrations between the groups. Overall inhibin a concentrations were significantly higher during the treatment period in the ACTH than in the C group, but there were no significant differences between samples taken either 45 min or 4h after injection. In conclusion, injections of synthetic ACTH during estrus in the sow apparently disturb the duration of signs of standing estrus and the hormonal pattern of progesterone, and possibly of inhibin ot, estradiol and LH. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Olsson, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Serum concentrations of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids in peripartum bitches
- 2021
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In: Domestic Animal Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-7240 .- 1879-0054. ; 74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the work was to describe the profile of steroid hormones in the peripartum period of the bitch. Twenty-five healthy pregnant bitches presented for pregnancy monitoring and parturition assistance were included in the study. A blood sample was collected for routine progesterone assay, and serum was stored at -20 degrees C. The day of parturition and the number of delivered puppies were registered. Concentrations of corticosteroids, androgens, progestogens, estrogens, for a total number of 17 different hormones, were measured using ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using a repeated measure, mixed-model approach, taking into account day (from day -4 to day +2 from parturition), age, parity (primiparous vs pluriparous), number of delivered puppies (<4 vs 4-8 vs > 8), and interactions between factors. Day related to parturition significantly affected the concentration of progesterone (P < 0.001), testosterone (P < 0.001), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (P = 0.0002), and cortisone (P = 0.006). Estrogen concentration did not show any significant variation over time. Testosterone and androstenedione showed an abrupt decline on the day of parturition. The concentration of all glucocorticoids increased the day before parturition. Age or parity was not significantly associated with any of the steroids. Litter size significantly affected concentrations of aldosterone (P = 0.02) and etiocholanolone (P = 0.01). Aldosterone concentrations were higher in litters with 4 to 8 pups than in litters with more than 8 pups (P = 0.02). None of the steroids measured in our study, with the already known exception of progesterone, shows potential to be clinically useful in predicting the onset of parturition in the bitch. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Strage, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Insulin release from isolated cat islets of Langerhans
- 2024
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In: Domestic Animal Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0739-7240 .- 1879-0054. ; 87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Feline diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease with increasing prevalence. It shows similarities with human type 2 diabetes and is characterized by insulin resistance and deficient insulin secretion. Moreover, cats and humans belong to the very few species that form amyloid depositions in the pancreatic islets. However, little is known about cat islet function and no studies have addressed insulin secretion from isolated islets ex vivo. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for isolation of islets of Langerhans from pancreata of cats euthanized due to disease, and to evaluate insulin secretion responses to various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Collagenase digestion of pancreatic tissue from 13 non-diabetic cats and two cats with diabetic ketoacidosis yielded individual islets surrounded by a layer of exocrine tissue that was reduced after two days in culture. Histological examination showed islet amyloid in pancreatic biopsies from most non-diabetic and in one diabetic cat. Islets from non-diabetic cats cultured at 5.5 mM glucose responded with increased insulin secretion to 16.7 mM glucose, 30 mM K+ and 20 µM of the sulfonylurea glipizide (2-3 times basal secretion at 3 mM glucose). The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (100 nM) had no effect under basal conditions but potentiated glucose-triggered insulin release. Only one of nine islet batches from diabetic cats released detectable amounts of insulin, which was enhanced by exendin-4. Culture of islets from non-diabetic cats at 25 mM glucose impaired secretion both in response to glucose and K+ depolarization. In conclusion, we describe a procedure for isolation of islets from cat pancreas biopsies and demonstrate that isolated cat islets secrete insulin in response to glucose and antidiabetic drugs. The study provides a basis for future ex vivo studies of islet function relevant to the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of feline diabetes.
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| 4. |
- Truelsen Lindåse, Sanna, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of glucose and insulin response to haylage diets with different content of nonstructural carbohydrates in 2 breeds of horses
- 2018
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In: Domestic Animal Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-7240 .- 1879-0054. ; 64, s. 49-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Information about the effect of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in forage on the postprandial glucose and insulin response in horses is scarce. This is of interest as postprandial hyperinsulinemia in horses is a risk factor for laminitis. In addition, insulin sensitivity (IS) differs between breeds. The aim was to evaluate the postprandial glucose and insulin response to haylage diets with different NSC content in horses of 2 different breeds and to evaluate the relationship between the postprandial insulin response and measures of IS derived from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT). Standardbreds (n = 9) and Icelandic horses (n = 9) with a mean body condition score of 5.5 +/- 0.6 (scale 1-9) were studied. Horses were clinically healthy at the start of the study and had no history of endocrinopathic laminitis. The experiment was conducted as a replicate 3 x 3 Latin square, in which horses were fed haylage diets with low (4.2%), medium (13.6%), and high (18.2%) NSC content of dry matter. Blood sampling was performed before feeding and every 30 min until 300 min after feeding. An FSIGTT was also performed in all horses. The early (first 60 min) and the total (300 min) postprandial glucose and insulin response (area under the curve [AUCI) was higher after a meal of both medium and high NSC haylage in comparison with low NSC haylage when both breeds were combined (P <= 0.02). There was a main effect of breed for the early (P <= 0.004) but not for the total (P > 0.12) postprandial glucose and insulin response. The IS index was comparable between breeds (P = 0.75). The natural logarithm of the peak concentration, the AUC for the first 60 min and the total AUC for insulin, after a meal of medium and high NSC haylage, were moderately negatively correlated (P < 0.02; r = -0.55 to -0.72) with the natural logarithm of IS index from the FSIGTT. This relationship was not evident for haylage with low NSC content (P > 0.054). This study demonstrates that the postprandial insulin response is affected by both the NSC content of haylage and the horse's IS. However, the impact of IS was diminished when the NSC content in haylage was low (4.2% of dry matter). (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Slupecka, M., et al.
(author)
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Enteral leptin administration affects intestinal autophagy in suckling piglets
- 2014
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In: Domestic Animal Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-7240. ; 46, s. 12-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Leptin has been shown to play an integral role in the endocrine regulation of metabolism. Moreover, a substantial amount of this peptide has been found in colostrum and milk. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of exogenous leptin, administered intragastrically, on the process of autophagy and the changes in cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the small intestine mucosa. Three groups (n = 6) of neonatal piglets were used in the study. The pigs were fed either by their sows (sow-reared piglets) or with only milk formula, or with milk formula together with leptin administered via a stomach tube (10 mu g/kg BW) every 8 h for 6 d. We have shown that pure milk formula feeding significantly elevates (P < 0.05) autophagy compared with that observed in sow-reared piglets. Compared with the control group, feeding milk formula supplemented with leptin resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in immunodetection of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, as well as significantly accelerated epithelial cell renewal (P < 0.05). We demonstrated that autophagy is involved in the remodeling of the small intestine mucosa and that leptin, when administered enterally, may be an important factor for its regulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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