| 1. |
- Mira, Isabel, et al.
(author)
-
Emulsion Catastrophic Inversion from Abnormal to Normal Morphology. 2. Effect of the Stirring Intensity on the Dynamic Inversion Frontier
- 2003
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 42:1, s. 57-61
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The stirring intensity has a complex effect on the catastrophic inversion of emulsions in the direction of change from abnormal to normal morphol. At both low and high stirring energy, the inversion takes place early, after a low amt. of the internal phase is added and through the occurrence of a multiple emulsion. At some intermediate stirring energy, the inversion appears to be delayed and it takes place without the occurrence of multiple emulsions. [on SciFinder (R)]
|
|
| 2. |
- Salager, Jean-Louis, et al.
(author)
-
Current Phenomenological Know-How and Modeling of Emulsion Inversion
- 2000
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 39:8, s. 2665-2676
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper encompasses classic trends as well as recent advances in the understanding of emulsion inversion phenomena. The generalized formulation issue is first discussed from hydrophilic-lipophilic balance to the most recent concepts. The so-called std. inversion line on the formulation-compn. map exhibits several branches, referred to as transitional and catastrophic inversions, that bound normal and abnormal emulsion regions. Dynamic inversion is also discussed with its hysteresis zones, where both types of emulsions may be attained, depending upon the system's previous history of the formulation-compn. map. Recent findings are reported concerning the effect of variables with practical relevance (i.e., stirring energy, viscosity of phases, surfactant concn., and partitioning) on the std. and dynamic inversion patterns. State-of-the-art emulsion inversion modeling is briefly discussed. [on SciFinder (R)]
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Salager, Serge E., et al.
(author)
-
Influence of the Stirrer Initial Position on Emulsion Morphology. Making Use of the Local Water-to-Oil Ratio Concept for Formulation Engineering Purpose
- 2001
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 40:22, s. 4808-4814
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The initial location of the stirrer in the emulsification vessel can induce the resulting emulsion type. The interpretation in terms of mixing phenomena leads to the use of the local water-to-oil ratio (WOR) concept in the formulation-compn. map. The know-how assocd. with this phenomenol. allows us to interpret in a straightforward way the kind of complex procedures commonly employed in emulsion manufg., particularly those assocd. with inversion and multiple emulsion attainment. [on SciFinder (R)]
|
|
| 5. |
- Tyrode, Eric, et al.
(author)
-
Emulsion Catastrophic Inversion from Abnormal to Normal Morphology. 4. Following the Emulsion Viscosity during Three Inversion Protocols and Extending the Critical Dispersed-Phase Concept
- 2005
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 44:1, s. 67-74
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three protocols are tested to invert an abnormal emulsion into a normal one: a dynamic process with continuous addn. of an internal phase, continuous stirring of a given emulsion with no addn. of an internal phase, and the combination of the previous ones, i.e., a standstill dynamic process in which the addn. of an internal phase is interrupted at some time and then followed by continued stirring. In situ follow-up of both cond. and viscosity data in a rheomixer vessel provides complementary information to corroborate the crit. dispersed-phase concept as a condition for the inversion to take place in all cases. Some applications are discussed. [on SciFinder (R)]
|
|
| 6. |
- Abdala, Esraa, et al.
(author)
-
Efficient Biodiesel Production from Algae Oil Using Ca-Doped ZnO Nanocatalyst
- 2020
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 59:43, s. 19235-19243
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel produced by transesterification of vegetable oils in the presence of a catalyst. The present study investigates heterogeneous transesterification of algal oil to biodiesel using novel calcium-doped zinc oxide nanocatalysts synthesized using a UV shaker. The developed catalyst was under different light sources, UV and non-UV; different calcium concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05 M); and different calcination temperatures (600, 700, 800 degrees C). The catalyst has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of the different parameters used in catalyst preparation were studied for transesterification of algal oil. The catalyst of 0.05 M calcium loading and 700 degrees C calcination temperature synthesized in UV light is considered as the most suitable nanocatalyst, which achieved 99.18% yield of biodiesel. The catalyst was used three times effectively with 76% yield. The chemical properties of biodiesel have been investigated using gas chromatography (GC).
|
|
| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(author)
-
Oxidized Carbonized Cellulose-Coated Filters for Environmental Contaminant Adsorption and Detection
- 2020
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 59:30, s. 13578-13587
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cationized cellulose filters with coating of oxidized carbonized cellulose (OCC) were successfully fabricated. The OCC-coated filter was demonstrated as a combined surface for adsorption of environmental contaminants and their detection on the filter by surface-assisted desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). The cellulose filters were cationized by utilizing 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHTAC) and sodium hydroxide. It was shown that the degree of substitution increased with the CHTAC feed. OCC, synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose with subsequent oxidation and dialysis, was attached onto the cationized filters by electrostatic interactions. The filters adsorbed the model contaminant methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution, and the MB could subsequently be detected on the filter surfaces by SALDI-MS as [M](+) adduct. The OCC coating further improved the relative peak intensity of [M](+) with little background interferences. This work indicates great potential for the OCC-coated filters as a combined surface for rapid monitoring of environmental contaminants.
|
|
| 8. |
- Agarwal, Parminder, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis and characterization of polymaleimide
- 2003
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 42:13, s. 2881-2884
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simplified syntheses of polymaleimide employing anionic polymerization (from the melt and from solution) and metal compound-alcohol initiators such as PbO, SnO, tin bis(2-ethyl hexanoate) in the presence of tert-butyl benzyl alcohol are presented. The resulting polymers contain a combination of C-N- and C-C-connected monomers. Preliminary structures of the polymers were determined using NMR spectroscopy. The ratio of C-N- and C-C-connected monomers was determined, and the percentage of C-N-connected monomer units was found to vary from 40 to 80%, with the higher percentage resulting from anionic polymerization. The molecular weights of the polymers, as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with aqueous mobile phase and sodium polyacrylates standards, ranged between 1100 and 4200 for anionic polymerization and were about 11 500 for metal oxide-alcohol initiated polymerization. Solution-phase properties of the polymaleimides were evaluated by calcium chelation and precipitation inhibition studies. On the basis of the measured properties of these polymers, they are proposed as biodegradable, low-impact detergent additives to substitute currently used compounds.
|
|
| 9. |
- Aggarwal, Ruchi, et al.
(author)
-
Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived from Microcrystalline Cellulose for Selective Removal of Janus Green Azo Dye
- 2023
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5045 .- 0888-5885. ; 62:1, s. 649-659
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as a bio-based adsorbent material have been synthesized at mild temperature reaction conditions using acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by sulfuric acid. CNCs by a simple acid treatment become enriched with negatively charged surface functionalities and shows good adsorption capacity. The CNCs have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infrared, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis for their chemical composition, functionality, crystallinity, and stability, respectively. Sulfated CNCs have been used to selectively remove the toxic Janus Green (JG) dye tested out of many other dyes via adsorption and showed a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 77 mg g. -1 The effects of pH, temperature, concentration, and loading capacity have also been explored. The adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order pathway and thermodynamic analysis of the system indicates that the process is exothermic and spontaneous. Moreover, for the practical applicability of the proposed method, the adsorption of JG was also analyzed in four spiked industrial samples collected from nearby textile industries, where they removed more than 80% of the dye from the complex industrial water system.
|
|
| 10. |
- Aguilera, Adriana Freites, et al.
(author)
-
Epoxidation of fatty acids and vegetable oils assisted by microwaves catalyzed by a cation exchange resin
- 2018
-
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 57:11, s. 3876-3886
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epoxidation of oleic acid and cottonseed oil was conducted in a semibatch reactor with in-situ-formed percarboxylic acid (peracetic acid or perpropionic acid), using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent and carboxylic acid (acetic acid or propionic acid) as oxygen carriers. Amberlite IR-120 was implemented as the catalyst. The system was comprised of a loop reactor, where the mixture was pumped through a single-mode cavity in which microwave irradiation was introduced. A heat exchanger was integrated into the system to replace microwave heating, to compare the results obtained via microwave heating versus conventional heating. The catalyst loading effect was studied, as well as the influence of microwave irradiation and the implementation of the SpinChem rotating bed reactor (RBR), in hopes of decreasing the influence of the internal mass transfer. The application of microwave irradiation results in an improvement of the reaction yield in the absence of a catalyst.
|
|
