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- Kalthoff, Daniela
(author)
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Modular Wear Facet Nomenclature for Mammalian post-canine dentitions
- 2017
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In: Historical Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-2963 .- 1029-2381. ; 30:1-2, s. 30-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dental wear facets on the occlusal surface of premolars and molars are traces of their main function, themastication and therefore reflect masticatory movements and also paramasticatory (i.e. non-dietary useof teeth) behavior. Here we present the Modular Wear Facet Nomenclature applicable to most mammaliandentitions. Topographic positions of wear facets in relation to the major cusps and crests of the teeth areused to designate the areas of the occlusal surface the facets occupy (e.g. their mesial, distal, lingual, orbuccal position). Previous published systems for labeling wear facets have been inconsistent with eachother. Therefore, we provide a synoptic review of the most widely-used terminologies, and introducethe alternative Modular Wear Facet Nomenclature. This nomenclature aims to overcome the difficultiescaused by the existing inconsistent wear facet terminologies. Our new approach is applicable to dentitionswhere the occlusal morphology does not change significantly for most of the lifetime of the animal. Inthose dentitions, the primary occlusal surfaces are not significantly modified as wear facets become moreextensive with wearing. This appears to be a common pattern in pre-tribosphenic, tribosphenic molars,and the teeth derived from tribosphenic precursors (e.g. bunodont molar morphologies). In teeth wherethe secondary occlusal surface is functionally intensely modified (i.e. high-crowned and evergrowingteeth with large areas of dentine exposed) any facet labeling system appears to be challenging, since theidentification of individual facets is blurred and their spatial position may be indeterminable.
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| 3. |
- Agustsson, Atli, et al.
(author)
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The effect of asymmetrical limited hip flexion on seating posture, scoliosis and windswept hip distortion
- 2017
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In: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 71, s. 18-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Postural asymmetries with seating problems are common in adults with cerebral palsy.Aims: To analyse the prevalence of asymmetrical limited hip flexion (< 90) in adults with CP, and to evaluate the association between asymmetrical limited hip flexion and postural asymmetries in the sitting position.Methods and procedures: Cross-sectional data of 714 adults with CP, 16-73 years, GMFCS level I -V, reported to CPUP, the Swedish cerebral palsy national surveillance program and quality registry, from 2013 to 2015. Hip range of motion was analysed in relation to pelvic obliquity, trunk asymmetry, weight distribution, scoliosis and windswept hip distortion.Outcomes and results: The prevalence of asymmetrical limited hip flexion increased as GMFCS level decreased. Of adults at GMFCS level V, 22% had asymmetrical limited hip flexion (< 90). The odds of having an oblique pelvis (OR 2.6, 95% CI:1.6-2.1), an asymmetrical trunk (OR 2.1, 95% CI:1.1-4.2), scoliosis (OR 3.7, 95% CI:1.3-9.7), and windswept hip distortion (OR 2.6, 95% CI:1.2-5.4) were higher for adults with asymmetrical limited hip flexion compared with those with bilateral hip flexion > 90 degrees.Conclusions and implications: Asymmetrical limited hip flexion affects the seating posture and is associated with scoliosis and windswept hip distortion.
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| 4. |
- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Use of antipsychotics, benzodiazepine derivatives, and dementia medication among older people with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder and dementia
- 2017
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In: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 62, s. 50-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Although people with intellectual disability (ID) and people with dementia have high drug prescription rates, there is a lack of studies investigating drug use among those with concurrent diagnoses of ID and dementia. Aim To investigate the use of antipsychotics, benzodiazepine derivatives, and drugs recommended for dementia treatment (anticholinesterases [AChEIs] and memantine) among people with ID and dementia. Methods and procedures Having received support available for people with ID and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was used as a proxy for ID. The ID cohort consisted of 7936 individuals, aged at least 55 years in 2012, and the referent cohort of age- and sex-matched people from the general population (gPop). People with a specialists’ diagnosis of dementia during 2002–2012 were identified (ID, n = 180; gPop, n = 67), and data on prescription of the investigated drugs during the period 2006–2012 were collected. Outcome and results People with ID/ASD and dementia were more likely than people with ID/ASD but without dementia to be prescribed antipsychotics (50% vs 39% over the study period; odds ratio (OR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.13–30.3) and benzodiazepine derivatives (55% vs 36%; OR 2.42, 1.48–3.98). They were also more likely than people with dementia from the general population to be prescribed antipsychotics (50% vs 25%; OR 3.18, 1.59–6.34), but less likely to be prescribed AChEIs (28% vs 45%; OR 0.32, 0.16–0.64).
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| 5. |
- Banday, Viqar Showkat, et al.
(author)
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Contribution of both B-cell intrinsic alterations as well as non-hematopoietic-derived factors in the enhanced immune response of the NOD mouse
- 2017
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In: Autoimmunity. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 50:6, s. 363-369
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The underlying cellular and molecular mechanism for the development of Type 1 diabetes is still to be fully revealed. We have previously demonstrated that the NOD mouse, a model for Type 1 diabetes, display a prolonged and enhanced immune response to both self and non-self-antigens. The molecular explanation for this defect however, has not been determined. In this study we immunized NOD and C57BL/6 (B6) with the conventional antigen i.e. hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and analyzed B cell activation, germinal center reaction and antibody clearance. Corroborating our previous observations NOD mice responded robustly to a single immunization of HEL. Immunofluorescence analysis of the spleen revealed an increased number of germinal centers in unimmunized NOD compared to B6. However, post immunization germinal center numbers were similar in NOD and B6. NOD mice showed lower response to BCR stimulation with anti-IgM, in particular at lower concentrations of anti-IgM. Antibody clearance in vivo did not differ between the strains. To determine the cell type that is responsible for the prolonged and enhance immune response, we reconstituted NOD-RAGs with cells from primed donors in different combinations. NOD B cells were required to reproduce the phenotype; however the non-lymphoid compartment of NOD origin also played a role. Based on our results we propose that preexisting GCs in the NOD promote the robust response and alteration in the BCR signaling could promote survival of stimulated cells. Overall, this mechanism could in turn also contribute to the activation and maintenance of autoreactive B cells in the NOD mouse.
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| 6. |
- Bärring, Maja, 1988, et al.
(author)
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A VSM Approach to Support Data Collection for a Simulation Model
- 2017
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In: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. ; , s. 3928-3939
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simulation is a powerful tool to analyze and help in the decision making process of a production system. It is capable of delivering a dynamic analysis, both of the existing system and the future planned system. One major challenge with simulation projects however, is the time required at the initial stage when collecting data. For this study, Value Stream Mapping (VSM) has been selected as a complementary method for the data collection. VSM has been widely spread in industry, and it is a suitable method for identifying value streams and visualizing flows. In this study, the applicability of VSM for data collection is examined for a production system with complex and non-linear flows. The results of this study confirms that VSM can support in the data collection phase, but entails the support from subject matters.
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| 8. |
- Kuyper, Jonathan W.
(author)
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The Means and Ends of Deliberative Democracy : Rejoinder to Gunn
- 2017
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In: Critical review (New York, N.Y.). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-3811 .- 1933-8007. ; 29:3, s. 328-350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This rejoinder represents a final installment in a debate between myself and Paul Gunn over the feasibility and desirability of deliberative democracy. Here I argue that our debate has helped clarify an ambivalence in the literature surrounding the ends and means of deliberative democracy. I specify two ways to understand both ends and means, establish their importance in deliberative theory, and show how they can be combined. I conclude by showing how this systemic view incorporates and overcomes several challenges facing modern democracy, such as the necessity of expert authority, the role of partisanship, and the problem of social complexity.
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| 9. |
- Lundgren, Camilla, 1989, et al.
(author)
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The Value of 5G Connectivity for Maintenance in Manufacturing Industry
- 2017
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In: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. ; , s. 3964-3975
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digitalization is an ongoing revolution within manufacturing industry. 5G technology is expected to play an important role in ensuring connectivity. Digitalized factories set high requirements on technical availability, and therefore also on maintenance performance. However, it is difficult to get top-level decision makers to invest in maintenance, since the effects are usually deferred and difficult to verify up front. For quantifying long term effects, Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is identified as a powerful tool. In this study, DES was combined with established maintenance concepts to provide analysis of a real-world industrial 5G pilot implementation. Maintenance concepts were used to identify relevant inputs and outputs to the simulation model. The model was tested on a use case, where 5G enables support for maintenance tasks. By applying DES and maintenance concepts on more use cases, there is a potential to quantify effects of maintenance and enable digitalized production in a larger scale.
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| 10. |
- Nåfors, Daniel, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Realistic virtual models for factory layout planning
- 2017
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In: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. ; , s. 3976-3987
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Factory layout planning is essential for manufacturing companies when designing or redesigning production systems. The layout planning usually involves 2D CAD applications, sometimes based on faulty data. Difficulties in communicating and discussing layout alternatives using such applications can lead to critical errors. This paper aims to investigate and evaluate the usefulness of realistic 3D layout models in the layout planning process, addressed by an industrial study of how existing methods for visualization can be applied. This paper shows that utilizing a realistic and accurate layout model allows for fruitful discussions while several potential mistakes can be avoided. It also shows benefits in evaluating a layout and the model’s accuracy in immersive virtual reality where a better perspective of the layout can be acquired. Having such evaluated layout models will enable more accurate simulation models, based on real physical requirements.
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