| 1. |
- Chen, DeJiu, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated safety and architecture modeling for automotive embedded systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer. - 0932-383X .- 1613-7620. ; 128:6, s. 196-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EAST-ADL is an architecture description language (ADL) for model-based development of automotive embedded systems.The formalization of domain-specific engineering information and methodology brings a potential for a wide range of benefitsfor information management, system design and integration, tool interaction, documentation and communication. This paper describesthe EAST-ADL language support for safety requirements, faults/failures, hazards and safety constraints in the context of ISO/DIS 26262reference safety lifecycle. Based on the language support, the safety related information can be derived and managed seamlessly alongwith its target nominal system architecture model with multiple abstraction levels and view extensions. Through model transformationand tool integration, automated safety analysis is allowed.
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| 2. |
- Fiedler, Markus
(författare)
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Quality feedback flows in future networks
- 2009
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Ingår i: Elektrotechnik & Informationstechnik. - : Springer-Verlag. - 0932-383X. ; 126:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current rise in community-based content sharing and growing popularity of personalised multimedia transmission is accompanied by user-side quality demands. Internet, on the other hand, still provides merely best-effort service and thus only implicit feedback on critical network conditions through packet loss and delays. In order to satisfy future quality demands, feedback on quality problems needs to become much more explicit than what is the case today. In order to highlight the potential for improvement, this paper first identifies and analyses today’s feedback flows between users, applications, networks and the corresponding service providers. Based on this inventory, a new kind of feedback system employing self-organising overlay technology is introduced and exemplified. This future-proof system, developed within the European series of Networks of Excellence EuroNGI, EuroFGI and EuroNF, provides added feedback value to the above-mentioned stakeholders and furthermore a smooth transition path from current legacy towards future service management solutions.
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| 3. |
- Gubanski, Stanislaw, 1950
(författare)
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Smart Grids and high voltage engineering
- 2012
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Ingår i: Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-383X. ; 129:4, s. 186-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Mohaupt, P., et al.
(författare)
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A new concept for test equipment for testing large HV and UHV cables on-site
- 2010
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Ingår i: Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-383X. ; 127:12, s. 350-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of projects involving long and extra long HV and UHV AC cables as well as HVDC cable connections can be observed to increase (Cao et al., 2008; Kabouris et al., 2006). At the same time, operating voltage levels are increasing, accentuating the need for more powerful on-site test systems needed to prove the integrity of the insulation before energization. Low cost and ease of operation are other important features of such systems. As a matter of fact, traditional methods and test systems for routine and on-site testing of these cables come to their limit - technically and economically - as the lengths and voltage levels increase (Marelli, 2008). The logistics for the arrangement of tests as well as the testing itself are challenging (Schröder et al., 2006). Development of power electronics has now made it possible to realize high voltage DC interconnections that do not exhibit polarity reversal at reversal of power flow. As a result of this, extruded XLPE cables are now coming to the fore in high voltage DC application, although methods and test equipment for routine and on-site testing show some open issues so far. Space charges in the insulation, initiated by the test voltage during testing, are unacceptable, and this leads to the requirement that testing must be made at an alternating voltage, which can be very low frequency without creating space charge. Available test equipment for power frequency testing is not feasible for testing extruded DC cables, among other reasons, due to the lengths usually associated with DC cables. These open issues can be solved with a newly developed on-site test system that provides the reliability of established test methods and test equipment, but exhibiting lower weight, dimensions and power consumption compared to existing systems. At the same time, the on-site test system as well as the prearrangement of the tests and the testing itself are less cost intensive. Extra long cables (i.e. high capacitance) could be tested with the equipment, which by virtue of its smaller dimension is easier to handle and thus reducing the testing logistics dramatically. For example where one of the systems on the market would require two trailers of equipment for a test on a high voltage cable, only a single trailer would be needed with the new system, or a roll on/roll off test can be carried out without the use of any crane on-site. A reduction in weight by a factor of 3 is expected compared to today's on-site test equipment, a gain which also is reflected in reduced volume. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
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| 5. |
- Mohaupt, P., et al.
(författare)
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Extension and optimization of the load range of DRT test systems for testing extra-long HV and UHV cables
- 2013
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Ingår i: Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-383X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last few years, the demand for testing extra-long cables, such as submarine cables has grown rapidly. The existing testing methods have been complemented by a new testing technology called DRT (Differential Resonance Technology). This testing method enables testing of extra-long cables by comparably small and light-weight equipment using a low frequency for the test voltage, e.g. 0.1 Hz up to 5 Hz. This leads to a significant decrease of the required power of the test source (P. Mohaupt and A. Bergman in CIGRE 2010). In a resonant circuit only the losses of the generator's individual components, specifically the high voltage reactor, have to be covered by the mains. The testing power itself remains fully compensated. Typical ratios between the testing power and the input power of resonant test systems start at 50 and go up to 100, depending on the load. Unfortunately, voltage generation based on inductive generation principles such as resonant circuits cannot economically be used for frequencies below 10 Hz due to the massive iron cores needed for such a low frequency. The DRT method for the generation of low frequency high voltage is based on a high frequency voltage whose amplitude is modulated by the desired low frequency. Using a resonator, which is tuned to the high frequency, and a demodulator, the desired low frequency high voltage can be generated (P. Mohaupt and A. Bergman in CIGRE 2010; P. Mohaupt and T. Mehl in Jicable 2011). The input power required-and in direct relation to this the size and weight of the equipment-is significantly smaller than for other existing methods. In order to optimize the operation performance of the DRT system, this paper describes mathematical methods and algorithms, which have already been implemented and tested in a DRT test set. The basis for these algorithms is a mathematical description of the system based on an envelope model. Using this mathematical description of the nonlinear system behavior, a systematic analysis of the performance and the limits of the system can be given. The theoretical approach was experimentally proven by measuring the output voltage and the input power of a prototype unit ultimately designed to produce 200 kV rms. A first test was performed at SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, using their reference measurement system for very low frequency (VLF) S. Bergman and A. Bergman (Proc. CPEM Conf. Dig., pp. 682-683, 2010; IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 60:2422-2426, 2011) to measure the high VLF voltage. The reference measurement system provides a traceable uncertainty of down to 0.04 % over a voltage range up to 200 kV rms. The frequency range of the reference system is from 0.1 Hz up to 50 Hz. This system permits acquisition of complete wave-forms that can be analysed for harmonic content and/or THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). Further tests are planned, where the connected load will be increased to the specified maximum 1 μF at 200 kV, and the characteristics will be explored both as regards to output voltage quality, input power requirements and distortion on the input current. © 2013 CIGRE -- Reprint from www.cigre.org with kind permission.
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| 6. |
- Poemsl, Tobias F., et al.
(författare)
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Operational planning of distributed energy generation for a semiconductor fabrication plant : [Operative Planung dezentralisierter Energieerzeugung für eine Halbleiterproduktionsanlage]
- 2022
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Ingår i: e & i : Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-383X .- 1613-7620. ; 139:8, s. 662-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The semiconductor industry is well known for its high resource consumption due to its clean room usage and power-intensive manufacturing technology. This is a significant financial burden for semiconductor fabrication plant owners who wish to minimize the cost needed to cover the electricity and gas loads for their daily operations. From a historical perspective, those electricity and gas cost reductions have been enabled by more energy-efficient manufacturing technologies. Due to the complexity of factors influencing the energy system of a semiconductor plant, other aspects have often been neglected and also not been studied intensively in the academic literature so far. One possibility for reducing energy costs is the integration of a microgrid as on-site distributed energy resources (DER) may offer a less cost-intensive way to supply the energy needed. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer the following research question: How much expected cost can be saved and risk mitigated at a semiconductor fabrication plant via DER? More precisely, in this paper, a microgrid at a semiconductor fabrication plant that has installed DER with combined heat and power (CHP) applications and demand response (DR) is used to simulate the expected annual energy costs under given uncertain electricity and gas prices at different installed capacity levels. A simulation-based approach is used to evaluate several DER capacity sizes. The results of the simulation show that installations of DER at a semiconductor microgrid can dominate the base case of doing nothing, considering the expected minimized cost, the expected CO2 emissions, and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). In fact, DER can reduce the expected annual energy bill by up to 6%, whereas annual expected CO2 emissions can even be reduced by up to 22%. Moreover, with DER, a microgrid’s risk is reduced as it can react to market conditions and local demand. Additionally, the true potential of microgrid cost savings can only be enabled when DR is allowed and proves particularly effective when energy prices are more volatile.
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| 7. |
- Polster, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Erweitertes automatisches Notfallregelkonzept für eingebettete VSC-HVDC-Leitungen
- 2020
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Ingår i: Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-383X. ; 137:8, s. 394-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes an advanced emergency control strategy for embedded VSC-HVDC links after AC disturbances, such as line tripping and generation loss. The control goals are to minimize the impact of the disturbance on the AC-network, which includes improving the long-term voltage stability with utilizing possible unloading capacity of parallel AC elements. The proposed algorithm is evaluated against other control strategies for embedded VSC-HVDC links by applying it to a simple demonstration network. The test system includes all necessary VSC converter dynamics, the VSC-HVDC link current and voltage limits and simple load recovery characteristics for an evaluation of the long term voltage stability. The simulation results are explained and the advantages of the proposed emergency control strategy are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Vázquez, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Input nonlinearity compensation and chattering reduction in a mobile hydraulic forestry crane
- 2016
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Ingår i: Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer. - 0932-383X. ; 133:6, s. 248-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a sliding-mode-based control design for a telescopic link of a mobile-hydraulic forestry crane under bounded modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. Mobile hydraulic systems are typically subject to strong perturbation conditions and the design of resilient control solutions is an important challenge. Furthermore, nonlinear phenomena primarily, characterized by easily excited oscillations, an input nonlinearity, and friction, are dominating the dynamics. The proposed control scheme takes advantage of an input-nonlinearity compensation in order to overcome these problems and includes the formulation of a sliding-mode-control-based design. Two strategies for chattering attenuation are examined aimed at improving the controller performance. Experimental results performed over an industrial setup, including a comparison with a PID controller, confirm the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
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| 9. |
- Zou, Zhuo, et al.
(författare)
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An efficient passive RFID system for ubiquitous identification and sensing using impulse UWB radio
- 2007
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Ingår i: Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-383X. ; 124:11, s. 397-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The next generation RFID system for ubiquitous identification and sensing requires both energy and system efficiency. This paper describes an efficient passive RFID system using impulse ultra-wideband radio (IR-UWB), at a 10 m operation range. Unlike conventional passive RFID systems which rely on backscatter and narrowband radio, IR-UWB is introduced as the uplink (communication from a tag to a reader). By utilizing a specialized communication protocol and a novel ALOHA-based anti-collision algorithm, such semi-UWB systems enable a high network throughput (2000 tag/sec) under the low power and low cost constraint. A low power tag design for proof of concept is finally presented.
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| 10. |
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