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- Alfaya, J. E. F., et al.
(författare)
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DNA barcoding supports identification of Malacobdella species (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Zoological Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1021-5506 .- 1810-522X. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nemerteans of the genus Malacobdella live inside of the mantle cavity of marine bivalves. The genus currently contains only six species, five of which are host-specific and usually found in a single host species, while the sixth species, M. grossa, has a wide host range and has been found in 27 different bivalve species to date. The main challenge of Malacobdella species identification resides in the similarity of the external morphology between species (terminal sucker, gut undulations number, anus position and gonad colouration), and thus, the illustrations provided in the original descriptions do not allow reliable identification. In this article, we analyse the relationships among three species of Malacobdella: M. arrokeana, M. japonica and M. grossa, adding new data for the M. grossa and reporting the first for M. japonica, analysing 658 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). Based on these analyses, we present and discuss the potential of DNA barcoding for Malacobdella species identification. Results: Sixty-four DNA barcoding fragments of the mitochondrial COI gene from three different Malacobdella species (M. arrokeana, M. japonica and M. grossa) are analysed (24 of them newly sequenced for this study, along with four outgroup specimens) and used to delineate species. Divergences, measured as uncorrected differences, between the three species were M. arrokeana-M. grossa 11.73%, M. arrokeana-M. japonica 10.62% and M. grossa-M. japonica 10.97%. The mean intraspecific divergence within the ingroup species showed a patent gap with respect to the interspecific ones: 0.18% for M. arrokeana, 0.13% for M. grossa and 0.02% for M. japonica (ranges from 0 to 0.91%). Conclusions: We conclude that there is a clear correspondence between the molecular data and distinguishing morphological characters. Our results thus indicate that some morphological characters are useful for species identification and support the potential of DNA barcoding for species identification in a taxonomic group with subtle morphological external differences.
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| 4. |
- Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, et al.
(författare)
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Ichthyofauna from iranian freshwater : Annotated checklist, diagnosis, taxonomy, distribution and conservation assessment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Zoological Studies. - 1021-5506. ; 59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an annotated checklist of all the recognized and named taxa of freshwater fishes in Iran. It documents recent changes and controversies in the nomenclature and includes primary synonyms updated from the Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2015b) checklist. We provide an updated comprehensive listing of taxonomy, diagnostic and meristic characters, names, and conservation status, including detailed distribution maps. We strive to record the most recent justified taxonomic assignment in a hierarchical framework, providing annotations, including alternative possible arrangements, for some proposed changes. We provide common English and Persian names, and detail distributional data for all taxa, listing occurrence by basins, including indications of native, endemic, and translocated populations. We used the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria for classifying species at high risk of global extinction. This checklist consists of 274 recognized species in 100 genera, 33 families, 20 orders and 3 classes. We also report and confirm for the first time the presence of seven species from Iran’s basins: Aphanius kruppi, Capoeta kaput, Luciobarbus conocephalus, Oxynoemacheilus veyselorum, O. gyndes, O. hanae and Squalius latus. The confirmed freshwater fishes of Iran comprise 264 species in 97 genera, 33 families, 20 orders and 3 classes. The 241 endemic and native fish species can be divided into the following conservation statuses: 1 Extinct in the Wild (EW), 17 Critically Endangered (CR), 12 Endangered (EN), 15 Vulnerable (VU), 9 Near Threatened (NT), 148 Least Concern (LC) and 39 Data Deficient (DD). Forty-four fish species (18.3% of the 241 species listed) are officially regarded as globally Threatened (Critically Endangered [CR], Endangered [EN], or Vulnerable [VU]). These numbers and percentages of Threatened species have increased since the last checklist.
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| 7. |
- Li, Li-Chun, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Red Color Sensitivity over the Spawning Cycle of Female Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Zoological Studies. - 1021-5506 .- 1810-522X. ; 61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male red nuptial coloration is a primary mating signal for three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and the retinae of both sexes are especially sensitive to red during the breeding season. Red sensitivity is an important aspect of female mate choice in this species, but only when they are ready to spawn and not over the entire breeding period. Here, we aimed to determine if the red sensitivity of female sticklebacks change over their repeat spawning cycle. To this end, we assessed retinal opsin mRNA levels and behavioral red sensitivity in females over this cycle. Both methods indicated that females were more sensitive to red during spawning than in the inter-spawning intervals. Relative expression levels of red color opsin genes (lws) and optical motor sensitivity were high during spawning, decreased after the spawning period, and then increased again 72–96 h later when they were ready to spawn again. Thus, female sticklebacks altered their color sensitivity according to need, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
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| 8. |
- Liao, Te-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Synonymization of Pararasbora, Yaoshanicus, and Nicholsicypris with Aphyocypris, and Description of a New Species of Aphyocypris from Taiwan (Teleostei Cyprinidae) : Cyprinidae)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Zoological Studies. - 1021-5506 .- 1810-522X. ; 50:5, s. 657-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Te-Yu Liao, Sven O. Kullander, and Hung-Du Lin (2011) Synonymization of Pararasbora, Yaoshanicus, and Nicholsicypris with Aphyocypris, and description of a new species of Aphyocypris from Taiwan (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zoological Studies 50(5): 657-664. The genus Aphyocypris is a group of small fish distributed in East Asia. Aphyocypris amnis sp. nov. is characterized by the lateral line turning upward at a vertical from the posterior end of the anal-fin base, 3 scales between the lateral line and posterior end of the anal-fin base, and the last 5-7 scales of the lateral line running along the midline of the caudal peduncle. A ventral keel is present between the pelvic-fin base and anus. Aphyocypris amnis sp. nov. is found only in the Shuili River, a tributary of the Choshui River in central Taiwan. Pararasbora Regan, 1908, Yaoshanicus Lin, 1931, and Nicholsicypris Chu, 1935 are synonyms of Aphyocypris Gunther, 1868. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/50.5/657.pdf
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| 9. |
- Sandoval, Eluzai Dinai Pinto, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the taxonomic status of the Gray Brocket Mazama simplicicornis argentina Lönnberg, 1919 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Zoological Studies. - 1021-5506 .- 1810-522X. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mazama simplicicornis argentina is the name that was given to describe a gray brocket collected by Lönberg in 1919 in the central Chaco region of Argentina. Subsequent authors, based on morphological similarities, considered this name to be a synonym for the species Subulo gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 from Paraguay. In the absence of genetic analyses to compare the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets, we aimed to clarify the taxonomy of M. simplicicornis argentina through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetical, and molecular data from its holotype and a current topotype. Qualitative skull features and cranio-morphometric results of M. simplicicornis argentina showed a great similarity with the S. gouazoubira neotype characters. The diploid chromosome number of M. simplicicornis argentinatopotype corresponded with the karyotypical pattern of S. gouazoubira with 2n = 70 and FN = 70, showing a great similarity in all classic and molecular cytogenetic results and revealing the homologies between karyotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes used in this study (concatenated partial ND5 and Cytb gene) allocated the M. simplicicornis argentina specimens in the monophyletic clade of S. gouazoubira with a branch value of 100%. These results show that there is no discontinuity between the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets. Therefore, the individuals originally described as M. simplicicornis argentina should be recognized as S. gouazoubira.
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| 10. |
- Shao, Yi Ta, et al.
(författare)
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Homeostasis of Circulating Androgen Levels in the Breeding Male Three-spined Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Zoological Studies. - 1021-5506 .- 1810-522X. ; 51:8, s. 1282-1289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens are important for stimulating male characters, but excessively high levels may suppress the immune system, and in many animals, circulating levels are homeostatically controlled by feedback mechanisms. However, it was shown that there is no compensation of plasma androgen levels in hemi-castrated three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. In this study, we investigated to what extent androgens levels are homeostatically regulated in the breeding male three-spined stickleback, and whether aromatization of androgens plays a role in this. To that end, breeding male sticklebacks were either completely castrated, hemi-castrated, or sham-operated, and then implanted with different doses of 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA) and testosterone (T) or with the aromatase inhibitor (AI), fadrozole. Hemi-castration alone diminished androgen levels, while complete castration almost completely removed them. Low doses of 11KA and T increased plasma androgen levels in castrated but not in sham-operated fish. Both low and high doses of 11KA increased plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) in hemi-castrated fish, whereas only the high dose of 11KA did so in sham-operated fish. If aromatization plays a role in homeostatic mechanisms, androgen levels would be expected to rise in sham-operated fish treated with the AI. However, this was not the case. The reduction in plasma androgen levels in fully mature hemi-castrated fish suggests that the remaining testis was unable to further increase its steroidogenesis. However, both 11KA and T treatments increased plasma levels much less in sham-operated fish than in castrated ones, indicating that homeostatic mechanisms are present and act to prevent excessively high plasma androgen levels.
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