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- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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A primer for the assessment, diagnosis and delivery of Internet interventions for (mainly) panic disorder. Lessons learned from our research groups.
- 2008
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 12:1, s. 1-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the advent of the Internet, delivered assessment applications are likely to make a difference in clinical psychology and in health care in general. The purpose of the present paper was to present an overview of the authors' experience regarding Internet administration of diagnostic interviews, questionnaires, and information processing tests. A conclusion is made that psychiatric assessments via the Internet are not yet to be recommended, but that questionnaire assessments are likely to generate equivalent or even superior data quality than traditional paper and pencil administration. Finally, the use of Internet-delivered tests of information processing is commented upon. Although these tests have been influential in theory development in clinical psychology, large-scale dissemination of tests has been slowed down by the need for laboratory facilities. Internet administration can provide new opportunities to administer tests from the patient's own home.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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An overview and analysis of the behaviorist criticism of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)
- 2006
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 10, s. 67-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While a majority of cognitive-behavioural researchers and clinicians adhere to the classification system provided in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994, 2000), strong objections have been voiced among behaviourists who find the dichotomous allocation of patients into psychiatric diagnoses incompatible with the philosophy of behaviorism and practice of functional analysis. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the current debate and to analyze the tension between the DSM-IV and functional analysis along the following contrasts: Inductive vs. Deductive, Idiographic vs. Nomothetic, Contextualism vs. Mechanism, Social constructions vs. Real Entities, and Dimensions vs. Categories. Finally, some suggested alternatives are discussed. It is concluded that there is a need for alternative systems to the DSM with treatment utility.
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| 4. |
- Carlbring, Per, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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An open study of Internet-based bibliotherapy with minimal therapist contact via e-mail for social phobia
- 2006
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 10, s. 30-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluated a nine-week Internet-based self-help program for people suffering from social phobia. After confirming the diagnosis with a structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV (SCID) by telephone, 26 participants were treated with a multimodal treatment package based on cognitive behavioral therapy plus weekly therapist contact via e-mail. Results were analyzed on a basis of intention-to-treat. There were no differences between the two pre-treatment assessment points. However, from pre- to post-test, treated participants improved signi?cantly on all measured dimensions (social anxiety, general anxiety, depression levels, and quality of life). The overall within-group effect size measured with Cohen-s d was d=0.88. Treatment gains were maintained or improved at the 6-month follow-up (Cohen-s d=1.31). The results of this study support the continued use and development of Internet-distributed self-help programs for people diagnosed with social phobia.
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- Fonseca, Soraia, et al.
(author)
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The buffer role of psychological flexibility against the impact of major life events on depression symptoms
- 2020
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 24:1, s. 82-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Major life events have been positively associated with depression symptoms. Although psychological flexibility has been associated with adaptive coping skills and negatively linked with depression symptoms, it remains unclear whether psychological flexibility may be a protective process against the pervasive impact of major life events. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the moderating effect of psychological flexibility on the association between the cumulative number of major life events and their negative appraisal with depression symptoms.Methods: Four hundred and one participants (280 females and 121 males), aged between 18 and 65 years old, completed a set of self-report measures assessing the number of major life events that had occurred in the previous 12 months and their appraisal, as well as psychological flexibility, and depression symptoms.Results: Correlation analyses showed a negative and strong association between psychological flexibility and depression symptoms. Path analyses revealed that psychological flexibility attenuated the effect of the cumulative number of major life events and their perceived negative impact on depression symptoms.Conclusions: This study highlights the buffer role of psychological flexibility on the association of number of major life events and their negative appraisal, with depression symptoms. These findings suggest that being able to be in contact with the present moment with an accepting and non-judging attitude towards internal experiences, and to engage in valued-based action, may protect individuals against the negative impact of major life events with regards to depression symptoms.
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| 6. |
- Hjalmarsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder among adolescents and young adults : Pilot study, extending the research findings in new settings and cultures
- 2008
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 12:1, s. 18-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to investigate the feasibility and impact of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a clinical outpatient setting. Eighteen clinicians were trained and supervised in using DBT. Twenty-seven female patients were assessed on a number of variables before the treatment, as well as 5 and 12 months after the start of the DBT. Despite some barriers, DBT could be implemented successfully, and the professionals reported increased competence 1 year after the start of the therapy. Low treatment dropout rates suggested that DBT was well accepted by the patients. One year after the start of treatment, the patients reported significant decrease on most variables measuring psychological distress and number of parasuicidal behaviours. The study provides preliminary support for the feasibility and impact of DBT in the outpatient treatment of BPD in a cultural setting outside the United States.
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| 7. |
- Paniccia, Maria Francesca, et al.
(author)
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Alexithymia in parents and adolescents with generalised anxiety disorder
- 2018
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 22:3, s. 336-343
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The relationship between generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and alexithymia has been poorly studied in adolescents. The present study examined the alexithymia levels in adolescents with GAD and their parents compared with healthy control participants (adolescents and their parents).Method: The sample included 300 participants: 50 adolescents with GAD and 50 healthy adolescents, 13-18 years of age, and their 200 parents (100 mothers and 100 fathers). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children was performed to evaluate adolescents' mental health while the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale was performed to assess alexithymia levels in both adolescents and their parents.Results: Adolescents with GAD showed a significantly higher rate of alexithymia when compared with control adolescents. The mothers of adolescents with GAD showed an alexithymia score higher than did the controls' mothers. The fathers of the two groups showed no differences of in their rate of alexithymia. Moreover, in the clinical sample, adolescent and maternal alexithymia scores were not correlated, while significant directed correlations were found between these adolescents and their own fathers.Conclusions: Our findings show an association between GAD and alexithymia in adolescents. A significant presence of alexithymic traits in the mothers of the patients with GAD was shown. An intergenerational transmission of alexithymia could be supposed but this cannot be a linear mechanism. The assessment of alexithymia in adolescents with psychological disorders, and in their parents, could be useful to plan a more targeted therapeutic approach.
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| 8. |
- Wade, Tracey D., et al.
(author)
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Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism : More is better but no need to be prescriptive
- 2019
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 23:3, s. 196-205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The current study explored whether higher- (up to 8 modules) versus lower-dose (3 or less modules) unguided internet Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for perfectionism (ICBT-P) was more effective, and the best method to promote higher dosage.Methods: Two sequential randomised ICBT-P studies were conducted with participants who self-identified as having difficulties with perfectionism; in the first participants (N = 51) received 3-module ICBT-P or wait-list, and in the second participants (N = 55) received fixed (asked to complete all 8 modules two per week over 4-weeks) or flexible format (after completing the first psychoeducational module, participants decided how many/in what order they completed the modules). We examined impact on our primary variables, perfectionistic concerns and standards, and secondary outcomes of negative affect, body image flexibility, and self-efficacy.Results: More modules were completed in the higher- (M modules = 4.36, SD = 3.29) versus lower-dose (M = 1.96, SD = 1.23) ICBT-P, d = 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 1.34). The latter impacted perfectionism but not secondary outcomes; the former impacted all outcomes (except for self-efficacy), and within-group effect size improvements were double in the high- compared to low-dose ICBT-P. There was no difference between the fixed and flexible formats in terms of the number of modules completed or impact.Conclusions: We can offer a patient-centred approach to ICBT-P that is effective, while suggesting completion of more modules can result in larger, more pervasive improvements.ANZCTR Trial Number: ACTRN12619000147189.
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| 9. |
- Åhlén, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive behavioural group therapy for emetophobia : an open study in a psychiatric setting
- 2015
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 19:2, s. 96-104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Emetophobia is a neglected area within clinical research. Only case studies have been performed examining treatment effectiveness. The present study aimed to examine the preliminary acceptability and effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural group therapy developed specifically for the treatment of emetophobia.Method: The present study design was a one-group pretest, post-test, follow-up design with a double pretest. Twenty-three patients, in three treatment groups, participated in the study. Four assessment time points were conducted (1) five weeks prior to treatment, (2) before the first treatment session, (3) after the final session and (4) 3 months after the final session. Participants completed the emetophobia questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Montgomery-angstrom sberg Depression Rating Scaleself assessment at all assessments.Results: After treatment, patients showed a significantly lower degree of emetophobic symptoms. About half of the patients were clinically significantly improved or recovered after treatment, and two thirds were improved or recovered at follow-up. Participation at sessions was high, and patients were satisfied with treatment.Conclusions: The results from this study, the largest trial yet for emetophobia, indicate that cognitive behavioural therapy may be an efficacious treatment for emetophobia. The study design involves several limitations, and further studies should include independent control groups, randomisation, and longer follow-up assessments.
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