| 1. |
- Domellöf, Magnus, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Iron – a background article for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023
- 2024
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 68
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron absorption from foods is generally lower than that of most other nutrients and is highly variable depending on individual iron status and iron bioavailability in the meal. Several large population groups in the Nordic and Baltic countries are at risk of iron deficiency, including infants, young children, menstruating females, pregnant women as well as vegetarians. Iron deficiency leads to anemia, fatigue, and limited capacity for physical activity. Of particular concern is that iron deficiency anemia in young children is associated with impaired neurodevelopment. A comprehensive literature search has been performed and summarized. New factorial calculations have been performed considering iron losses, iron absorption and iron requirements in various population groups. Recent data on iron intakes and the prevalence of iron deficiency in the Nordic countries are presented. Average requirements and tentative recommended intakes are presented for 12 different population groups. Pregnant women and those with high menstrual blood losses should consume iron-rich food and undergo screening for iron deficiency. Infants should consume iron-rich complementary foods and cow’s milk should be avoided as a drink before 12 months of age and limited to < 500 mL/day in toddlers. Vegetarians should consume a diet including wholegrains, legumes, seeds, and green vegetables together with iron absorption enhancers. There is no evidence that iron intake per se increases the risk of cancer or diabetes. Iron absorption from foods is generally lower than that of most other nutrients and can vary between <2 and 50% depending on individual iron status and iron bioavailability in the meal.
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| 2. |
- Westergren, Albert, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Cut-off scores for the Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form – Version II (MEONF-II) among hospital inpatients
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. - 1336-8672 .- 1338-4260. ; 55, s. 7289-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The newly developed Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form - Version II (MEONF-II) has shown promising sensitivity and specificity in relation to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). However, the suggested MEONF-II cut-off scores for deciding low/moderate and high risk for undernutrition (UN) (>2 and >4, respectively) have not been decided based on statistical criteria but on clinical reasoning. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal cut-off scores for the MEONF-II in relation to the well-established MNA based on statistical criteria.DESIGN:Cross-sectional study.METHODS:The study included 187 patients (mean age, 77.5 years) assessed for nutritional status with the MNA (full version), and screened with the MEONF-II. The MEONF-II includes assessments of involuntary weight loss, Body Mass Index (BMI) (or calf circumference), eating difficulties, and presence of clinical signs ofUN. MEONF-II data were analysed by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC); optimal cut-offs were identified by the Youden index (J=sensitivity+specificity-1).RESULTS:According to the MEONF-II, 41% were at moderate or high UN risk and according to the MNA, 50% were at risk or already undernourished. The suggested cut-off scores were supported by the Youden indices. The lower cut-off for MEONF-II, used to identify any level of risk for UN (>2; J=0.52) gave an overall accuracy of 76% and the AUC was 80%. The higher cut-off for identifying those with high risk for UN (>4; J=0.33) had an accuracy of 63% and the AUC was 70%.CONCLUSIONS:The suggested MEONF-II cut-off scores were statistically supported. This improves the confidence of its clinical use.
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| 3. |
- Sayago-Ayerdi, Sonia G., et al.
(författare)
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Resistant starch in common starchy foods as an alternative to increase dietary fibre intake
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. - 1336-8672. ; 50:1, s. 1-12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nutritional classification of dietary saccharides considers as indigestible saccharides those that are incompletely or not absorbed in small intestine. Resistant starch (RS) as a part of dietary fibre (DF) is a type of indigestible saccharide. The addition of natural RS from some fruits, legumes or cereals to commonly eaten starchy foods is a good alternative to increase the DF intake representing, at the same time, new uses for uncommon sources of DF. This review deals with RS contents of commonly consumed starchy foods and shows their potential health-beneficial properties in situations where glucose tolerance is impaired, such as diabetes mellitus or obesity. For example, the current daily intake (193 g per day, fresh basis) of maize-tortilla in Mexico represents 1.8g RS. However, tortilla prepared by blending maize with flaxseed (20%) exhibits a notably higher RS content (8.5 g per day). These staple foods added with natural RS sources show low or moderate in vitro starch hydrolysis rates and predicted glycaemic indices. Current nutritional and technological trends include the development of new formulas for traditionally consumed products. The combination of starchy foods with high RS content and/or the addition of natural RS sources to common food products could help to reach this objective.
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| 4. |
- Westergren, Albert, et al.
(författare)
-
Cut-off scores for the Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form – Version II (MEONF-II) among hospital inpatients
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. - : Food Reseach Institute. - 1336-8672. ; 55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The newly developed Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form - Version II (MEONF-II) has shown promising sensitivity and specificity in relation to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). However, the suggested MEONF-II cut-off scores for deciding low/moderate and high risk for undernutrition (UN) (>2 and >4, respectively) have not been decided based on statistical criteria but on clinical reasoning. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal cut-off scores for the MEONF-II in relation to the well-established MNA based on statistical criteria. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study included 187 patients (mean age, 77.5 years) assessed for nutritional status with the MNA (full version), and screened with the MEONF-II. The MEONF-II includes assessments of involuntary weight loss, Body Mass Index (BMI) (or calf circumference), eating difficulties, and presence of clinical signs ofUN. MEONF-II data were analysed by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)curves and the area under the curve (AUC); optimal cut-offs were identified by the Youden index (J=sensitivity+specificity-1). RESULTS: According to the MEONF-II, 41% were at moderate or high UN risk and according to the MNA, 50% were at risk or already undernourished. The suggested cut-off scores were supported by the Youden indices. The lower cut-off for MEONF-II, used to identify any level of risk for UN (>2; J=0.52) gave an overall accuracy of 76% and the AUC was 80%. The higher cut-off for identifying those with high risk for UN (>4; J=0.33) had an accuracy of 63% and the AUC was 70%. CONCLUSIONS: The suggested MEONF-II cut-off scores were statistically supported. This improves the confidence of its clinical use.
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