| 1. |
- Luik, Heidi, et al.
(author)
-
ANTLER COMBS FROM THE SALME SHIP BURIALS : FIND CONTEXT, ORIGIN, DATING AND MANUFACTURE
- 2020
-
In: ESTONIAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY. - : ESTONIAN ACAD PUBLISHERS. - 1406-2933 .- 1736-7484. ; 24:1, s. 3-44
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 and 2010, two partly destroyed ship burials were discovered near Salme on the island of Saaremaa. During the archaeological excavations, at least 41 wholly or partially preserved skeletons were discovered, and a large number of artefacts were found, including a dozen single-sided antler combs. On the basis of the finds, as well as radiocarbon dating, the ship burials were dated to the Pre-Viking Period, while both the isotopic and archaeological evidence point towards central Sweden as the most probable origin of the buried individuals. The combs from Salme have features that are generally consistent with the 8th century, with the closest parallels coming from the Malar region of central Sweden. According to ZooMS and aDNA analyses, they are made of elk (Alces alces) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler. Elk inhabited the Malar region, but reindeer antler had its origin in more northern regions. Most combs were clearly manufactured with great skill, and finished with care, though some details indicate differences in the skills of comb makers.
|
|
| 2. |
- Tõrv, Mari, et al.
(author)
-
Buried at home? Stable isotope analysis of the late hunter-gatherer cemetery population at Tamula, SE Estonia
- 2023
-
In: Estonian Journal of Archaeology. - 1406-2933 .- 1736-7484. ; 27:2, s. 98-128
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The function of European Stone Age forager sites with several burials has been debated for decades. One little-known site of this kind is the 4th–3rd millennium cal BC Tamula I (hereinafter Tamula) in south-eastern Estonia. Bringing together the results of archaeological and archaeothanatological analyses and departing from stable isotope based dietary reconstructions together with the idea of ‘you are what you eat’ as a basis for forming a group identity, we discuss the function of Stone Age forager sites with more than one interment. Should these be considered cemeteries, meeting places or ordinary settlements? Bulk stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotope (δ15N) analysis of human skeletal remains from Tamula and a spatio-temporally close multiple burial at Veibri (5th millennium cal BC) demonstrate a significant consumption of freshwater resources. However, the stable isotope values from these two sites differ significantly, allowing a clear distinction between the two populations. Regarding these values not merely as a reflection of peoples’ dietary preferences, but also as a reflection of their primary identities and an indication of local ecologies, we argue that the stable isotope data together with the fact that the late foragers were sedentary provides additional insights into the discussion on the structure of buried populations. These new isotope data together with archaeological records from Tamula, Veibri and the Stone Age complex Zvejnieki in Latvia suggest that at least three different types of burial places existed among the hunter-gatherer communities in the eastern Baltic region during the Stone Age. In the future, these preliminary results about the people forming a burial community could be further consolidated by the establishment of local baseline information and the application of stable isotope analysis of single amino acids.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Ilves, Kristin, 1978-
(author)
-
Seaman’s perspective in landscape archaeology. Landing sites on the maritime cultural landscape
- 2004
-
In: Estonian Journal of Archaeology. - 1406-2933. ; 8:2, s. 163-180
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines mankind's connection with the sea, shore and coastal areas – that is, with the maritime cultural landscape. It is suggested that archaeologists dealing with maritime landscapes should get inspiration from the seaman's perspective in studying the impact of maritime elements within the culture under investigation. The features of navigation, piloting and safe landfall can be revealed only by approaching the landscape from the sea; the role of the water vessels is impossible to avoid. The question of the seasonal distinctions in landscape studies is also raised. Different places form landing, being the most popular and investigated antiquities in the maritime environment, are seldom defined in landscape archaeological research, and terms denoting different types of sites are often used as synonyms. Based on the inevitable dependence of landing sites upon watercrafts, these places are analysed in time and space.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
