| 1. |
- Andersson, David Emanuel, et al.
(author)
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Unemployment in European regions: structural problems versus the Eurozone hypothesis
- 2015
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - Oxford University Press : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 15:5, s. 883-905
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Unemployment rates differ dramatically across European regions. This article analyses these differences by integrating institutional and spatial perspectives into a unified dynamic framework distinguishing between slow and fast processes of change. The framework forms the basis for an econometric model that is used to analyse labour market differences among European Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques 2 regions. The results of random-effects models indicate that four key factors—all of which are of the slowly changing type—explain a large part of the variation in unemployment as well as employment rates. Flexible labour market regulations and above-average levels of interpersonal trust are institutional factors that reduce unemployment. Accessibility factors such as inter-regional transport connectivity and local access to skilled workers have similarly substantial effects. Whether a region belongs to the Eurozone or not seems to be less important.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Local entrepreneurship clusters in cities
- 2016
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press. - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 16:1, s. 39-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show that entrepreneurs are co-located within cities. One plausible source of such spatial clustering is local social interactions, where individuals' decisions to become entrepreneurs are influenced by entrepreneurial neighbors. Using geo-coded matched employer-employee data for Sweden, we find that sharing residential neighborhood with established entrepreneurs has a statistically significant and robust influence on the probability that an individual leaves employment for entrepreneurship. An otherwise average neighborhood with a 5% point higher entrepreneurial intensity, all else equal, produces between six and seven additional entrepreneurs per square kilometer, each year. Our estimates suggest a local feedback-effect in which the presence of established entrepreneurs in a neighborhood influences the emergence of new local entrepreneurs. Our analysis supports the conjecture that social interaction effects constitute a mechanism by which local entrepreneurship clusters in cities develop and persist over time.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Sources of persistence in regional start-up rates-evidence from Sweden
- 2011
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 11:1, s. 179-201
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article assesses the spatial-temporal persistence of a dynamic phenomenon: start-ups. Two mechanisms that explain persistence in start-up rates are distinguished: (i) determinants of start-ups that are spatially 'sticky' and durable and (ii) path dependence in start-up activities in the form of a response mechanism between previous and current start-up activities. A dynamic panel analysis of the relationship between lagged start-up rates and current start-up rates confirms that both effects are important in explaining persistence. The second mechanism implies a regional dimension in persistence, such that regions with high levels of start-up rates will exhibit stronger persistence. We find empirical evidence of this using quantile regression techniques.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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University decentralization as regional policy : the Swedish experiment
- 2004
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 4:4, s. 371-388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the past 15 years, Swedish higher education policy has emphasized the spatial decentralization of post-secondary education. We investigate the economic effects of this decentralization policy on productivity and output per worker. We rely upon a 14-year panel of output and employment for Sweden's 285 municipalities, together with data on the location of university-based researchers and students, to estimate the effects of exogenous changes in educational policy upon regional development. We find important and significant effects of this policy upon the average productivity of workers, suggesting that the economic effects of the decentralization on regional development are economically important. We also find evidence of highly significant, but extremely localized, externalities in productivity. This is consistent with recent findings (e.g., Rosenthal and Strange, 2003) on agglomeration in 'knowledge industries.'
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| 5. |
- Ansala, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Immigration history, entry jobs and the labor market integration of immigrants
- 2022
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 22:3, s. 581-604
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article studies the relationship between past immigration experiences of the host country and the way new immigrants enter the labor market. We focus on two countries — Finland and Sweden — that have similar formal institutions but starkly different immigration histories. In both countries, immigrants tend to find their first jobs in low-paying establishments, where the manager and colleagues share their ethnic background. The associations between background characteristics, time to a first job, other entry job characteristics, earnings dynamics, and job stability are also remarkably similar. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the host country’s immigration history plays a limited role in shaping the integration process.
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| 6. |
- Aspers, Patrik
(author)
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Using design for upgrading in the fashion industry
- 2010
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 10:2, s. 189-207
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the article is to analyze upgrading by looking at the design of fashion garments. To that end, I use the theoretical concept of contextual knowledge to understand the problems faced by firms, and their staff, that want to upgrade through design. Contextual knowledge combines a general knowledge of fashion with the lifeworld that actors use for interpretation of fashion. Lifeworld is a notion which refers to what is taken for granted. Producers and consumers in the global fashion industry live in different lifeworlds. The text discusses upgrading strategies of garment manufacturers, drawing on unique empirical material. It provides a theoretical tool for analyzing culturally primed production in a global setting.
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| 7. |
- Baltzopoulos, Apostolos, et al.
(author)
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Spin-offs: Why geography matters
- 2016
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford. - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 16:2, s. 273--303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on unique data covering individuals, firms, industries and regions for the 1999–2005 period, we contribute with new knowledge concerning the impact of regional variables on spin-offs. Implementing a large number of controls, as well as different estimation techniques and robustness tests, we show that Jacobian externalities have a positive effect on spin-offs. Moreover, using an entropy measure to disentangle unrelated and related variety (RV), we conclude that the effect is confined to RV. These findings are likely to be associated with strong welfare effects: a standard deviation increase (decrease) in related (unrelated) variety increases spin-off propensity by approximately 25%. Other variables are shown to have economic effects of a similar magnitude but may have a different effect across sectors. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the impact of other determinants proposed in the literature (e.g., Marshallian externalities and scale effects) is too small to be detected.
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| 8. |
- Bode, R., et al.
(author)
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Proximity and learning: evidence from a post-WW2 intellectual reparations program
- 2020
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 20:3, s. 601-628
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prior work indicates that proximity facilitates learning, but proximity reflects individual choices. New data on a British post-World War 2 program to detain and interrogate German industrial experts allow us to minimize selection bias and to disentangle individual dimensions of proximity. Our empirical analysis of post-detention patenting activities suggests that cognitive proximity was more important for interactive learning than social and institutional proximity. Detention in the UK increased inventors' subsequent likelihood of interacting with UK partners as well as their post-detention patent output.
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| 9. |
- Borggren, Jonathan, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Knowledge flows in high-impact firms : how does relatedness influence survival, acquisition and exit?
- 2016
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press. - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 16:3, s. 637-665
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the impact on regional renewal and employment ascribed to rapidly growing firms (high-impactfirms, HIFs), this paper argues that little is still known in economic geography and business studies todayregarding the mechanisms influencing growth of such firms and, hence, the potential impact on regionalemployment. The aim of this paper is thus to explore how the qualitative content of skills (i.e. the degree ofsimilarity, relatedness and unrelatedness) recruited to a firm during a period of fast growth influences itsfuture success. Our findings, based on a sample of 1,589 HIFs in the Swedish economy, suggest that it is notonly the number of people employed that matters in aiding the understanding of the future destiny of the firms– but also, more importantly, it is the scope of the skills recruited and their proximity to related industries.
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| 10. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(author)
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How does labour mobility affect the performance of plants? : The importance of relatedness and geographical proximity
- 2009
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In: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press. - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 9:2, s. 169-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article analyses the impact of skill portfolios and labour mobility on plantperformance by means of a unique database that connects attributes of individuals to features of plants for the whole Swedish economy. We found that a portfolio of related competences at the plant level increases significantly productivity growth of plants, in contrast to plant portfolios consisting of either similar or unrelated competences. Based on the analysis of 101,093 job moves, we found that inflows of skills that are related to the existing knowledge base of the plant had a positive effect on plant performance, while the inflow of new employees with skills that are already present in the plant had a negative impact. Our analyses also show that geographical proximityinfluences the effect of different skill inflows. Inflows of unrelated skills only contribute positively to plant performance when these are recruited in the same region. Labour mobility across regions only has a positive effect on productivity growth of plants when this concerns new employees with related skills.
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