1. |
- Bakker, G. J., et al.
(author)
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Gut microbiota and energy expenditure in health and obesity
- 2015
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In: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - 0192-0790 .- 1539-2031. ; 49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The contribution of intestinal bacterial strains (gut microbiota) to the development of obesity and obesity-related disorders is increasingly recognized as a potential diagnostic and pharmacologic target. Alterations in the intestinal bacterial composition have been associated with presence of chronic low-grade inflammation, a known feature of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, causality still needs to be proven. Fecal transplantation studies in germ-free mice have provided crucial insight into the causality of gut microbiota in development of obesity and obesity-related disorders. Moreover, fecal transplantation studies in conjunction with fecal sampling in prospectively followed cohorts will help identify causally involved intestinal bacterial strains in human obesity. Results from these studies will lead to characterization of novel diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic strategies that aim to treat obesity and obesityrelated disorders Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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2. |
- Bergquist, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Structured Diagnostic and Treatment Approach Versus the Usual Primary Care Approach in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease : A Cluster-randomized Multicenter Study
- 2013
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In: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - 0192-0790 .- 1539-2031. ; 47:7, s. E65-E73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Goals: To compare the clinical outcomes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients treated with an implemented new structured pathway (NSP) or according to existing local clinical practices [old clinical pathway (OCP)]. Background: GERD is a major challenge at the primary care level. Study: Primary care centers (n=24) were cluster randomized to handle patients suffering from symptoms suggestive of GERD according to the NSP (n=97) or the OCP (n=134). In the NSP, the GerdQ questionnaire score was used both for diagnosis and management including treatment. We used validated questionnaires to evaluate disease symptoms, quality of life, and costs at inclusion and at follow-up 2 to 6 months later. Results: On the basis of the Reflux Disease Questionnaire, 56% of the patients treated with the NSP reported total symptom relief at the follow-up compared with 33% in the OCP group (P=0.0013). The reflux symptoms after treatment affected daily activities to a lesser extent in the patients in the NSP group compared with the OCP group (10% vs. 13%, respectively, P=0.01). The utility score of the EuroQoL-5D questionnaire improved more in the NSP group than in the OCP group (0.05 vs. 0.02, respectively, P<0.001). The patients in the NSP group had an approximately 50% lower average total cost for GERD-related health care resources compared with the OCP group [301 Swedish Kronor (SEK) vs. 588 SEK, respectively, NS]. Conclusions: The management of GERD patients in primary care centers using a structured clinical pathway and the results of the GerdQ improves the clinical outcome compared with prevailing local routines (NCT00842387).
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3. |
- Dicksved, Johan
(author)
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Changes in the Composition of the Human Fecal Microbiome After Bacteriotherapy for Recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated Diarrhea
- 2010
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In: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - 0192-0790 .- 1539-2031. ; 44, s. 354-360
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is the major known cause of antibiotic-induced diarrhea and colitis, and the disease is thought to result from persistent disruption of commensal gut microbiota. Bacteriotherapy by way of fecal transplantation can be used to treat recurrent CDAD, which is thought to reestablish the normal colonic microflora. However, limitations of conventional microbiologic techniques have, until recently, precluded testing of this idea. In this study, we used terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S rRNA gene sequencing approaches to characterize the bacterial composition of the colonic microflora in a patient suffering from recurrent CDAD before and after treatment by fecal transplantation from a healthy donor. Although the patient's residual colonic microbiota, prior to therapy was deficient in members of the bacterial divisions-Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes, transplantation had a dramatic impact on the composition of the patient's gut microbiota. By 14 days posttransplantation, the fecal bacterial composition of the recipient was highly similar to that of the donor and was dominated by Bacteroides spp. strains and an uncharacterized butyrate producing bacterium. The change in bacterial composition was accompanied by resolution of the patient's symptoms. The striking similarity of the recipient's and donor's intestinal microbiota following after bacteriotherapy suggests that the donor's bacteria quickly occupied their requisite niches resulting in restoration of both the structure and function of the microbial communities present.
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5. |
- Granstam, S O, et al.
(author)
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Effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in the rabbit and the rat.
- 1990
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In: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - 0192-0790 .- 1539-2031. ; 12 Suppl 1, s. S19-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of short-time exposure to cigarette smoke on duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion were studied in anesthetized rabbits and rats. The bicarbonate secretion was measured by continuous titration of recirculating luminal perfusate. In artificially ventilated rabbits, intermittent exposure to cigarette smoke during two 10-min periods caused a marked (approximately 40%) decrease (p less than 0.01) in duodenal bicarbonate secretion. After the exposures, secretion gradually recovered and had returned to the pre-exposure rate after 50 min. The decrease in secretion was associated with decreases in heart rate (approximately 15%) and blood pressure (approximately 30%) that, however, were of shorter duration. Neither reduced amounts of smoke (1/6 or 1/3) nor nicotine (25-1,000 micrograms/kg, intravenously) had any major effect on the bicarbonate secretion. In the spontaneously breathing rat, smoke was administered for 1-2 breaths every 30 s during a 5-min period. This exposure resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in bicarbonate secretion and some increase in the blood pressure. Exposure to smoke had no effect on the secretion in rats with both splanchnic nerves cut, suggesting neural sympathetic mediation of the smoke-induced inhibition.
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6. |
- Ingemansson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Defecation Symptoms in Relation to Stool Consistency Significantly Reflect the Dyssynergic Pattern in High-resolution Anorectal Manometry in Constipated Patients
- 2024
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In: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0192-0790 .- 1539-2031. ; 58:1, s. 57-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Goals: To evaluate the usefulness of a 2-week patient-completed bowel habit and symptom diary as a screening tool for disordered rectoanal coordination (DRC).Background: DRC is an important subgroup of chronic constipation that benefits from biofeedback treatment. Diagnosis of DRC requires a dyssynergic pattern (DP) of attempted defecation in high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) and at least 1 other positive standardized examination, such as the balloon expulsion test or defecography. However, HRAM is generally limited to tertiary gastroenterology centres and finding tools for selecting patients for referral for further investigations would be of clinical value.Study: Retrospective data from HRAM and a 2-week patient-completed bowel habit and symptom diary from 99 chronically constipated patients were analyzed.Results: Fifty-seven percent of the patients had a DP pattern during HRAM. In the DP group, 76% of bowel movements with loose or normal stool resulted in a sense of incomplete evacuation compared with 55% of the non-DP group (P=0.004). Straining and sensation of incomplete evacuation with the loose stool were significantly more common in the DP group (P=0.032). Hard stool was a discriminator for non-DP (P=0.044). Multiple logistic regression including incomplete evacuation and normal stool predicted DP with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 50%.Conclusions: The sensation of incomplete evacuation with loose or normal stool could be a potential discriminator in favor of DP in chronically constipated patients. The bowel habit and symptom diary may be a useful tool for stratifying constipated patients for further investigation of suspected DRC.
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7. |
- Kilincalp, Serta, 1980, et al.
(author)
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The Influence of Coexisting Familial Mediterranean Fever on Crohn's Disease
- 2024
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In: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY. - 0192-0790 .- 1539-2031. ; 58:1, s. 71-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Goal: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of coexisting familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) on Crohn's disease (CD) patients' phenotype and disease course in an endemic region for FMF.Background: CD and FMF are inflammatory diseases characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and fever attacks. The impact of coexisting FMF on CD patients' phenotype and disease course is currently unknown.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 210 adult CD patients who were regularly followed up at a tertiary gastroenterology clinic between November 2006 and April 2018. The patients were divided into FMF positive (CD-FMF) and FMF negative (CD-control) groups. The severity of CD was assessed by the rate of hospitalization because of CD, the need for biological therapy, and whether surgery was performed for CD.Results: Eight (3.8%) of 210 CD patients have concomitant FMF, which is 35 to 40 times higher than expected in an endemic region for FMF. Baseline demographic parameters, location/behavior of the CD, and initial therapeutic regimens were similar between the 2 groups. The prevalence of peripheral arthritis was significantly higher in CD-FMF group (37.5% vs. 10.4%, respectively, P=0.04). A significantly greater proportion of the CD-FMF patients had received biological therapy (50% vs. 11.9%; P=0.012). Steroid dependence and CD-related hospitalization rates in the CD-FMF group were relatively higher but were not statistically significant (37.5% vs. 15.3 and 62.5% vs. 41.1%).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the disease course of CD tends to be more severe in patients with coexisting FMF.
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9. |
- Krarup, Anne L., et al.
(author)
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The Short Health Scale A Simple, Valid, Reliable, and Responsive Way of Measuring Subjective Health in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 2015
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In: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - : Lippincott, Williams andamp; Wilkins: No Hybrid Open Access. - 0192-0790 .- 1539-2031. ; 49:7, s. 565-570
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Goals:To evaluate validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Short Health Scale (SHS) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients.Background:Subjective health assessment is central when treating patients with IBS. The Short Health Scale is a quick 4-item questionnaire covering most aspects of subjective health that has been validated for inflammatory bowel disease.Study:To test validity, 451 patients with IBS (mean age, 38 y; 81% females) completed the SHS and questionnaires assessing IBS symptom severity (IBS-SSS), gastrointestinal (GI)-specific anxiety (VSI), and quality of life (IBSQOL). To evaluate reliability and responsiveness to changes, the questionnaires were repeated after 2 weeks in 18 patients, and after 12 weeks in 212 patients who had completed a patient-education program.Results:Validity was documented with (1) gradually increasing mean scores for all 4 SHS items with increasing IBS-SSS (Pless than0.0001), and (2) correlations between the 4 SHS items and the corresponding items from the other subjective health assessment tools [item 1 (symptom burden): =0.67, item 2 (daily function): =-0.44 to -0.46, item 3 (disease-related worry): =-0.51 to 0.57, item 4 (general well-being): =-0.34 to -0.46, Pless than0.0001]. Reliability was confirmed (Spearman greater than0.7 and intraclass correlations greater than0.7). Responsiveness was good with responders to the patient-education program (IBS-SSS reduction 50 points) having significant reductions in 3 of the SHS items (Pless than0.05), and borderline change for the fourth SHS item (P=0.06).Conclusions:SHS is a health measure that shows promising evidence of validity, reliability, and responsiveness in IBS patients. It is quickly completed and evaluated, which supports its usefulness in the busy clinical practice.
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10. |
- Lindberg, G, et al.
(author)
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12 years innovation and inclusion
- 2014
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In: Journal of clinical gastroenterology. - 1539-2031. ; 48:1, s. i-ii
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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