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| 2. |
- Ager, Philipp, et al.
(author)
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Fertility and Early-Life Mortality : Evidence from Smallpox Vaccination in Sweden
- 2018
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In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press. - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 16:2, s. 487-521
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The smallpox vaccination method was the paramount medical innovation of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. We exploit the introduction of the smallpox vaccine in Sweden to identify the causal effect of early-life mortality on fertility. Our analysis shows that parishes in counties with higher levels of smallpox mortality prior to the introduction of vaccination experienced greater declines in infant mortality afterward. Exploiting this finding in an instrumental-variable approach reveals that the decline in infant mortality had a negative effect on the number of children born, whereas we find a small insignificant effect on the number of surviving children and natural population growth.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Aghion, Philippe, et al.
(author)
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Education and Military Rivalry
- 2019
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In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 17:2, s. 376-412
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- What makes countries engage in reforms of mass education? Motivated by historical evidence on the relation between military threats and expansions of primary education, we assemble a panel dataset from the last 150 years in European countries and from the postwar period in a large set of countries. We uncover three stylized facts: (i) investments in education are associated with military threats, (ii) democratic institutions are negatively correlated with education investments, and (iii) education investments respond more strongly to military threats in democracies. These patterns continue to hold when we exploit rivalries in a country's neighborhood as an alternative source of variation. We develop a theoretical model that rationalizes the three empirical findings. The model has an additional prediction about investments in physical infrastructures, which finds support in the data.
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| 5. |
- Aghion, Philippe, et al.
(author)
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Firm Dynamics and Growth Measurement in France
- 2018
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In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 16:4, s. 933-956
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we use the same methodology as Aghion et al. (2017a) to compute missing growth estimates from creative destruction in France. We find that from 2004 to 2015, about 0.5 percentage point of real output growth per year is missed by the statistical office, which is about the same as what was found in the United States. We look at how missing growth varies across French sectors and regions, and we look at the underlying establishment and firm dynamics. In particular we show that the similar missing growth estimates between France and the United States hide noticeable differences in plant dynamics between the two countries.
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| 6. |
- Amberg, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Trade Credit and Product Pricing: The Role of Implicit Interest Rates
- 2021
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In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press (MIT Press) / Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy F. - 1542-4774 .- 1542-4766. ; 19:2, s. 709-740
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We empirically investigate the proposition that firms charge premia on cash prices in transactions involving trade credit. Using a comprehensive panel data set on product-level transaction prices and firm characteristics, we relate trade credit issuance to price setting. In a recession characterized by tightened credit conditions, we find that prices increase significantly more on products sold by firms issuing more trade credit, in response to higher opportunity costs of liquidity and counterparty risks. Our results thus demonstrate the importance of trade credit for price setting and show that trade credit issuance induces a channel through which financial conditions affect prices.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, David, et al.
(author)
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Mass Migration and Technological Change
- 2022
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In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford Academic. - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 20:5, s. 1859-1896
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper studies the effect of emigration on technological change in sending locations after one of the largest migration events in human history, the mass migration from Europe to the United States in the 19th century. To establish causality, we adopt an instrumental variable strategy that combines local growing-season frost shocks with proximity to emigration ports. Using data on patents, we find that emigration led to an increase in innovative activity in sending localities. Using data on capital and labor inputs in agriculture and industry, we find evidence of an increased capital intensity related to new technologies in both sectors. We argue that these results are consistent with theories of induced (labor-saving) innovation due to high labor costs following emigration.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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RISK AVERSION RELATES TO COGNITIVE ABILITY: PREFERENCES OR NOISE?
- 2016
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In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 14, s. 1129-1154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent experimental studies suggest that risk aversion is negatively related to cognitive ability. In this paper we report evidence that this relation may be spurious. We recruit a large subject pool drawn from the general Danish population for our experiment. By presenting subjects with choice tasks that vary the bias induced by random choices, we are able to generate both negative and positive correlations between risk aversion and cognitive ability. Our results suggest that cognitive ability is related to random decision making rather than to risk preferences.
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| 9. |
- Anwar, Shamena, et al.
(author)
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Politics in the Courtroom: Political Ideology and Jury Decision Making
- 2019
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In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 17:3, s. 834-875
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper uses data from the Gothenburg District Court in Sweden and a research design that exploits the random assignment of politically appointed jurors (termed nämndemän) to make three contributions to the literature on jury decision-making: (i) an assessment of whether systematic biases exist in the Swedish nämndemän system, (ii) causal evidence on the impact of juror political party on verdicts, and (iii) an empirical examination of the role of peer effects in jury decision-making. The results reveal a number of systematic biases: convictions for young defendants and those with distinctly Arabic names increase substantially when they are randomly assigned jurors from the far-right (nationalist) Swedish Democrat party, whereas convictions in cases with a female victim increase markedly when they are assigned jurors from the far-left (feminist) Vänster party. An analysis of peer effects implies that jurors from the far-left and far-right parties influence the votes of nämndemän from centrist parties in a way that is consistent with their respective party platforms. This analysis also suggests that at least some of these peer effects result in genuine changes of opinions (affecting trial outcomes), rather than vote changes motivated solely to reach unanimous decisions.
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| 10. |
- Arai, Mahmood, et al.
(author)
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On Fragile Grounds : A Replication of 'Are Muslim Immigrants Different in Terms of Cultural Integration?'
- 2011
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In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 9:5, s. 1002-1011
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study is a replication of "Are Muslim Immigrants Different in terms of Cultural Integration?" by Alberto Bisin, Eleonora Patacchini, Thierry Verdier and Yves Zenou, published in the Journal of the European Economic Association, 6, 445-456, 2008. Bisin et al. (2008) report that they have 5,963 observations in their study. Using their empirical setup, we can only identify 1,901 relevant observations in the original data. After removing missing values we are left with 818 observations. We cannot replicate any of their results and our estimations yield no support for their claims. (JEL: A14, C21, C87, J15)
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